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    <preface>
      <p>Australian Citizenship Act 2007</p>
      <p>No. 20, 2007</p>
      <p>
        <b>Compilation No.</b>
        <b> </b>
        <b>37</b>
      </p>
      <p><b>Compilation date:</b><b>	</b>4 June 2026</p>
      <p><b>Includes amendments:</b><b>	</b>Act No. 75, 2025</p>
      <p>
        <b>About this compilation</b>
      </p>
      <p>
        <b>This compilation</b>
      </p>
      <p>This is a compilation of the <i>Australian Citizenship Act 2007</i> that shows the text of the law as amended and in force on 4 June 2026 (the <b><i>compilation date</i></b>).</p>
      <p>The notes at the end of this compilation (the <b><i>endnotes</i></b>) include information about amending laws and the amendment history of provisions of the compiled law.</p>
      <p>
        <b>Uncommenced amendments</b>
      </p>
      <p>The effect of uncommenced amendments is not shown in the text of the compiled law. The details of amendments made up to, but not commenced at, the compilation date are underlined in the endnotes. Any uncommenced amendments affecting the law are accessible on the Register (www.legislation.gov.au).</p>
      <p>
        <b>Application, saving and transitional provisions</b>
      </p>
      <p>If the operation of a provision or amendment of the compiled law is affected by an application, saving or transitional provision that is not included in this compilation, details are included in the endnotes.</p>
      <p>
        <b>Editorial changes</b>
      </p>
      <p>For more information about any editorial changes made in this compilation, see the endnotes.</p>
      <p>
        <b>Presentational changes</b>
      </p>
      <p>The <i>Legislation Act 2003</i> provides for First Parliamentary Counsel to make presentational changes to a compilation. Presentational changes are applied to give a more consistent look and feel to legislation published on the Register, and enable the user to more easily navigate those documents.</p>
      <p>
        <b>Modifications</b>
      </p>
      <p>If the compiled law is modified by another law, the compiled law operates as modified but the modification does not amend the text of the law. Accordingly, this compilation does not show the text of the compiled law as modified. Any modifications affecting the law are accessible on the Register.</p>
      <p>
        <b>Self</b>
        <b>-</b>
        <b>repealing provisions</b>
      </p>
      <p>If a provision of the compiled law has been repealed in accordance with a provision of the law, details are included in the endnotes.</p>
      <p>Contents</p>
      <p><ref href="#part-1">Part 1</ref>—Preliminary	1</p>
      <p>1	Short title	1</p>
      <p>2	Commencement	1</p>
      <p>2A	Simplified outline	2</p>
      <p>3	Definitions	5</p>
      <p>4	Australian citizen	9</p>
      <p>5	Permanent resident	10</p>
      <p>6	Responsible parent	10</p>
      <p>6A	National security offences	11</p>
      <p>7	Children born on ships or aircraft or after death of parent	12</p>
      <p>8	Children born as a result of artificial conception procedures or surrogacy arrangements	12</p>
      <p>9	Confinement in prison or psychiatric institution	13</p>
      <p>10	Personal identifiers	13</p>
      <p>10A	References to photograph or other image of person’s face	14</p>
      <p>10B	Providing photographs and other images of faces to <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> or authorised persons	14</p>
      <p>11	Operation of Act	15</p>
      <p><ref href="#part-2">Part 2</ref>—Australian citizenship	17</p>
      <p><ref href="#dvs-1">Division 1</ref>—Automatic acquisition of Australian citizenship	17</p>
      <p>11A	Simplified outline	17</p>
      <p>12	Citizenship by birth	17</p>
      <p>13	Citizenship by adoption	18</p>
      <p>14	Citizenship for abandoned children	18</p>
      <p>15	Citizenship by incorporation of Territory	18</p>
      <p><ref href="#dvs-2">Division 2</ref>—Acquisition of Australian citizenship by application	20</p>
      <p>Subdivision A—Citizenship by descent	20</p>
      <p>15A	Simplified outline	20</p>
      <p>16	Application and eligibility for citizenship	21</p>
      <p>17	Minister’s decision	22</p>
      <p>18	Registration	23</p>
      <p>19	Day citizenship begins	23</p>
      <p>19A	When a person does not become a citizen despite <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role>’s approval	24</p>
      <p>Subdivision AA—Citizenship for persons adopted in accordance with the Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption or a bilateral arrangement	24</p>
      <p>19B	Simplified outline	24</p>
      <p>19C	Application and eligibility for citizenship	25</p>
      <p>19D	Minister’s decision	27</p>
      <p>19E	Registration	28</p>
      <p>19F	Day citizenship begins	28</p>
      <p>Subdivision B—Citizenship by conferral	29</p>
      <p>19G	Simplified outline	29</p>
      <p>20	Requirements for becoming a citizen	30</p>
      <p>21	Application and eligibility for citizenship	30</p>
      <p>22	General residence requirement	35</p>
      <p>22A	Special residence requirement—persons engaging in activities that are of benefit to Australia	38</p>
      <p>22B	Special residence requirement—persons engaged in particular kinds of work requiring regular travel outside Australia	42</p>
      <p>22C	Special residence requirement—legislative instruments	46</p>
      <p>23	Defence service requirement	46</p>
      <p>23A	Citizenship test	48</p>
      <p>24	Minister’s decision	49</p>
      <p>25	Minister may cancel approval	53</p>
      <p>26	Pledge of commitment must be made	54</p>
      <p>27	How pledge of commitment is to be made	55</p>
      <p>28	Day citizenship begins etc.	56</p>
      <p>Subdivision C—Resuming citizenship	57</p>
      <p>28A	Simplified outline	57</p>
      <p>29	Application and eligibility for resuming citizenship	58</p>
      <p>30	Minister’s decision	59</p>
      <p>31	Registration	61</p>
      <p>32	Day citizenship begins again etc.	61</p>
      <p><ref href="#dvs-3">Division 3</ref>—Cessation of Australian citizenship	62</p>
      <p>Subdivision A—Simplified outline of this <ref href="#dvs-62">Division	62</ref></p>
      <p>32A	Simplified outline of this <ref href="#dvs-62">Division	62</ref></p>
      <p>Subdivision B—Citizenship renunciation and revocation	63</p>
      <p>33	Renunciation by application	63</p>
      <p>34	Revocation by Minister—offences or fraud	64</p>
      <p>34A	Revocation by Minister—special residence requirements	67</p>
      <p>36	Children of responsible parents who cease to be citizens	68</p>
      <p>Subdivision C—Citizenship cessation	69</p>
      <p>36A	Purpose of this Subdivision	69</p>
      <p>36B	Cessation of citizenship if citizenship cessation order made by court etc.	70</p>
      <p>36C	Citizenship cessation order if person is convicted of serious offence	70</p>
      <p>36D	Application by <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> for a citizenship cessation order	74</p>
      <p>36L	No resumption of citizenship if citizenship ceases under this Subdivision	75</p>
      <p><ref href="#dvs-4">Division 4</ref>—Evidence of Australian citizenship	76</p>
      <p>37	Evidence of Australian citizenship	76</p>
      <p>38	Surrender of physical evidentiary notice	77</p>
      <p>39	Altering evidentiary notice	78</p>
      <p><ref href="#dvs-5">Division 5</ref>—Personal identifiers	79</p>
      <p>Subdivision A—Obtaining personal identifiers	79</p>
      <p>40	Request for personal identifiers	79</p>
      <p>41	Provision of personal identifiers	79</p>
      <p>Subdivision B—Obligations relating to identifying information	80</p>
      <p>42	Accessing identifying information	80</p>
      <p>43	Disclosing identifying information	81</p>
      <p>44	Unauthorised modification or impairment of identifying information	83</p>
      <p>45	Destroying identifying information	84</p>
      <p><ref href="#part-3">Part 3</ref>—Other matters	86</p>
      <p><ref href="#dvs-1">Division 1</ref>—Bogus documents	86</p>
      <p>45A	Prohibition on, and forfeiture of, bogus documents	86</p>
      <p>45B	Seizure of bogus documents	86</p>
      <p>45C	Document condemned as forfeited	87</p>
      <p>45D	Dealing with a document after it is condemned as forfeited	88</p>
      <p><ref href="#dvs-2">Division 2</ref>—Other	89</p>
      <p>46	Application requirements	89</p>
      <p>47	Notification of decisions	90</p>
      <p>48	Computerised decision-making	91</p>
      <p>49	Evidence of whether computer program is functioning correctly	92</p>
      <p>50	False statements or representations	93</p>
      <p>51	Geographical jurisdiction for offences	94</p>
      <p>51A	Things seized under Crimes Act search warrant and information about such things	94</p>
      <p>51B	Reports to Parliament	95</p>
      <p>52	Review of decisions	96</p>
      <p>53	Delegation	97</p>
      <p>54	Regulations	98</p>
      <p>Schedule 1—Pledge of commitment as a citizen of the Commonwealth of Australia	99</p>
      <p>1	Form of pledge no. 1	99</p>
      <p>2	Form of pledge no. 2	99</p>
      <p>Endnotes	100</p>
      <p>Endnote 1—About the endnotes	100</p>
      <p>Endnote 2—Abbreviation key	102</p>
      <p>Endnote 3—Legislation history	103</p>
      <p>Endnote 4—Amendment history	108</p>
      <p>An Act relating to Australian citizenship</p>
      <p>Preamble</p>
      <p>The Parliament recognises that Australian citizenship represents full and formal membership of the community of the Commonwealth of Australia, and Australian citizenship is a common bond, involving reciprocal rights and obligations, uniting all Australians, while respecting their diversity.</p>
      <p>The Parliament recognises that persons conferred Australian citizenship enjoy these rights and undertake to accept these obligations:</p>
      <p>by pledging loyalty to Australia and its people; and</p>
      <p>by sharing their democratic beliefs; and</p>
      <p>by respecting their rights and liberties; and</p>
      <p>by upholding and obeying the laws of Australia.</p>
      <formula name="enacting">
        <p>The Parliament of Australia enacts:</p>
      </formula>
    </preface>
    <body>
      <part eId="part-1">
        <num>1</num>
        <heading>Preliminary</heading>
        <section eId="part-1__sec-1">
          <num>1</num>
          <heading>Short title</heading>
          <content>
            <p>		This Act may be cited as the <i>Australian </i><i>Citizenship</i><i> Act 200</i><i>7</i>.</p>
          </content>
        </section>
        <section eId="part-1__sec-2">
          <num>2</num>
          <heading>Commencement</heading>
          <subsection eId="part-1__sec-2__subsec-1">
            <num>1</num>
            <content>
              <p>Each provision of this Act specified in column 1 of the table commences, or is taken to have commenced, in accordance with column 2 of the table. Any other statement in column 2 has effect according to its terms.</p>
            </content>
            <table>
              <tr>
                <th>Commencement information</th>
                <th>Commencement information</th>
                <th>Commencement information</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Column 1</td>
                <td>Column 2</td>
                <td>Column 3</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Provision(s)</td>
                <td>Commencement</td>
                <td>Date/Details</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>1.  Sections 1 and 2 and anything in this Act not elsewhere covered by this table</td>
                <td>The day on which this Act receives the Royal Assent.</td>
                <td>15 March 2007</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>2.  Sections 2A to 54</td>
                <td>A single day to be fixed by Proclamation.
However, if any of the provision(s) do not commence within the period of 6 months beginning on the day on which this Act receives the Royal Assent, they commence on the first day after the end of that period.</td>
                <td>1 July 2007
(see F2007L01653)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>3.  Schedule 1</td>
                <td>At the same time as the provisions covered by table item 2.</td>
                <td>1 July 2007</td>
              </tr>
            </table>
            <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-1" marker="1">
              <content>
                <p>Note:	This table relates only to the provisions of this Act as originally passed by the Parliament and assented to. It will not be expanded to deal with provisions inserted in this Act after assent.</p>
              </content>
            </authorialNote>
          </subsection>
          <subsection eId="part-1__sec-2__subsec-2">
            <num>2</num>
            <content>
              <p>Column 3 of the table contains additional information that is not part of this Act. Information in this column may be added to or edited in any published version of this Act.</p>
            </content>
          </subsection>
        </section>
        <section eId="part-1__sec-2A">
          <num>2A</num>
          <heading>Simplified outline</heading>
          <content>
            <p>The following is a simplified outline of this Act:</p>
            <p>What this Act covers</p>
            <p>This Act sets out how you become an Australian citizen, the circumstances in which you may cease to be a citizen and some other matters related to citizenship.</p>
            <p>Becoming an Australian citizen</p>
            <p>There are a range of ways you can become an Australian citizen.</p>
            <p>Acquiring citizenship automatically</p>
            <p>Generally, you become an Australian citizen automatically if you are born in Australia and one or both of your parents are Australian citizens or permanent residents when you are born.</p>
            <p>There are some other, less common, ways of automatically becoming a citizen.</p>
            <p><ref href="#dvs-1">Division 1</ref> of <ref href="#part-2">Part 2</ref> has details about acquiring citizenship automatically.</p>
            <p>Also, if you were a citizen under the old Act immediately before the day that this section commences, you will continue to be a citizen: see subsection 4(1).</p>
            <p>Acquiring citizenship by application</p>
            <p>The other way to become an Australian citizen is to apply to <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role>. This is covered by Division 2 of Part 2. There are 4 situations in which you can apply for citizenship.</p>
            <p>The first is citizenship by descent. Generally, you would apply for this if you were born outside Australia and one or both of your parents were Australian citizens when you were born. Citizenship by descent is covered by Subdivision A.</p>
            <p>The second is citizenship for persons adopted in accordance with the Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption or a bilateral arrangement: see Subdivision AA.</p>
            <p>The third is citizenship by conferral. Generally, you would need to be a permanent resident and willing to make a pledge of commitment to apply for citizenship by conferral. You may need to successfully complete a citizenship test. There are some less common circumstances in which you can apply for citizenship by conferral. Citizenship by conferral is covered by Subdivision B.</p>
            <p>The fourth is resuming citizenship. In certain cases where you previously ceased to be an Australian citizen, you can apply for your citizenship to resume. Resuming citizenship is covered by Subdivision C.</p>
            <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> must be satisfied of your identity for you to acquire citizenship by application. Rules about identification are in Division 5 of Part 2.</p>
            <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may be required to refuse your application on national security grounds.</p>
            <p>Ceasing to be an Australian citizen</p>
            <p>There are a number of ways that you can cease to be an Australian citizen.</p>
            <p>You can renounce your citizenship.</p>
            <p>If you did not automatically become an Australian citizen, <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> can revoke your citizenship in certain circumstances.</p>
            <p>There are some other, less common, ways of ceasing to be a citizen.</p>
            <p><ref href="#dvs-3">Division 3</ref> of <ref href="#part-2">Part 2</ref> has details about ceasing to be a citizen.</p>
            <p>Evidence that a person is an Australian citizen</p>
            <p>You can apply to <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> for evidence of your Australian citizenship. This is covered by Division 4 of Part 2.</p>
          </content>
        </section>
        <section eId="part-1__sec-3">
          <num>3</num>
          <heading>Definitions</heading>
          <content>
            <p>In this Act:</p>
            <p><term refersTo="#term-adverse-security-assessment">adverse security assessment</term> has the meaning given by <def><ref href="#sec-35">section 35</ref> of <ref href="">the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Act 1979</ref>.</def></p>
            <p><b><i>artificial conception procedure</i></b> includes:</p>
          </content>
          <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-3__para-a">
            <num>a</num>
            <content>
              <p>artificial insemination; and</p>
            </content>
          </paragraph>
          <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-3__para-b">
            <num>b</num>
            <content>
              <p>the implantation of an embryo in the body of a woman.</p>
            </content>
            <content>
              <p><b><i>Australia</i></b>, when used in a geographical sense, includes the external Territories.</p>
              <p><term refersTo="#term-australian-citizen">Australian citizen</term> has the meaning given by <def><ref href="#sec-4">section 4</ref>.</def></p>
              <p><term refersTo="#term-australian-law">Australian law</term> means <def>a law of the Commonwealth, a State or a Territory.</def></p>
              <p><term refersTo="#term-bogus-document">bogus document</term> has the same meaning as <def>in subsection 5(1) of <ref href="">the Migration Act 1958</ref>.</def></p>
              <p><b><i>child</i></b>: without limiting who is a child of a person for the purposes of this Act, each of the following is the <b><i>child</i></b> of a person:</p>
            </content>
          </paragraph>
          <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-3__para-a">
            <num>a</num>
            <content>
              <p>an adopted child, stepchild or exnuptial child of the person;</p>
            </content>
          </paragraph>
          <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-3__para-b">
            <num>b</num>
            <content>
              <p>	(b)	someone who is a child of the person within the meaning of the <i>Family Law Act 1975</i>.</p>
            </content>
            <content>
              <p><b><i>citizenship law</i></b> means:</p>
            </content>
          </paragraph>
          <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-3__para-a">
            <num>a</num>
            <content>
              <p>this Act; and</p>
            </content>
          </paragraph>
          <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-3__para-b">
            <num>b</num>
            <content>
              <p>the regulations; and</p>
            </content>
          </paragraph>
          <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-3__para-c">
            <num>c</num>
            <content>
              <p>any legislative instrument made under this Act or the regulations.</p>
            </content>
            <content>
              <p><term refersTo="#term-commencement-day">commencement day</term> means <def>the day on which sections 2A to 54 (as originally enacted) commence.</def></p>
              <p><term refersTo="#term-de-facto-partner">de facto partner</term> has the meaning given by <def><ref href="">the Acts Interpretation Act 1901</ref>.</def></p>
              <p><b><i>disclose</i></b>, in relation to identifying information that is a personal identifier provided under Division 5 of Part 2, includes provide unauthorised access to the personal identifier.</p>
              <p><b><i>entrusted person</i></b> means:</p>
            </content>
            <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-2" marker="2">
              <content>
                <p>Note:	Section 42 deals with authorised access to identifying information.</p>
              </content>
            </authorialNote>
          </paragraph>
          <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-3__para-a">
            <num>a</num>
            <content>
              <p><role refersTo="#secretary">the Secretary</role> of the Department; or</p>
            </content>
          </paragraph>
          <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-3__para-b">
            <num>b</num>
            <content>
              <p>an APS employee in the Department; or</p>
            </content>
          </paragraph>
          <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-3__para-c">
            <num>c</num>
            <content>
              <p>	(c)	a person engaged under <i>Public Service Act</i><i> </i><i>1999</i> by the Secretary of the Department; or<ref href="#sec-74">section 74</ref> of the </p>
            </content>
          </paragraph>
          <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-3__para-d">
            <num>d</num>
            <content>
              <p>	(d)	a person engaged by the Commonwealth, the Minister, the Secretary of the Department, or by an APS employee in the Department, to do work for the purposes of this Act or the regulations or of the <i>Migration Act 1958</i> or the regulations made under that Act.</p>
            </content>
            <content>
              <p><term refersTo="#term-foreign-affairs-minister">Foreign Affairs Minister</term> means <def><ref class="unresolved">the Minister administering the Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities Act 1967</ref>.</def></p>
              <p><term refersTo="#term-foreign-law">foreign law</term> means <def>a law of a foreign country.</def></p>
              <p><term refersTo="#term-identifying-information">identifying information</term> means <def>the following: any personal identifier provided under <ref href="#dvs-5">Division 5</ref> of <ref href="#part-2">Part 2</ref>; any meaningful identifier derived from any such personal identifier; any record of a result of analysing any such personal identifier or any meaningful identifier derived from any such personal identifier; any other information derived from: any such personal identifier; or any meaningful identifier derived from any such personal identifier; or any record of a kind referred to in paragraph (c); that could be used to discover a particular person’s identity or to get information about a particular person. <b><i>IGIS official</i></b> (short for Inspector-General of Intelligence and Security official) means: the Inspector-General of Intelligence and Security; or 	(b)	any other person covered by subsection 32(1) of the <i>Inspector</i><i>-</i><i>General of Intelligence and Security Act 1986</i>.</def></p>
            </content>
          </paragraph>
          <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-3__para-a">
            <num>a</num>
            <content>
              <p>any personal identifier provided under <ref href="#dvs-5">Division 5</ref> of <ref href="#part-2">Part 2</ref>;</p>
            </content>
          </paragraph>
          <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-3__para-b">
            <num>b</num>
            <content>
              <p>any meaningful identifier derived from any such personal identifier;</p>
            </content>
          </paragraph>
          <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-3__para-c">
            <num>c</num>
            <content>
              <p>any record of a result of analysing any such personal identifier or any meaningful identifier derived from any such personal identifier;</p>
            </content>
          </paragraph>
          <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-3__para-d">
            <num>d</num>
            <content>
              <p>any other information derived from:</p>
            </content>
          </paragraph>
          <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-3__para-i">
            <num>i</num>
            <content>
              <p>any such personal identifier; or</p>
            </content>
          </paragraph>
          <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-3__para-ii">
            <num>ii</num>
            <content>
              <p>any meaningful identifier derived from any such personal identifier; or</p>
            </content>
          </paragraph>
          <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-3__para-iii">
            <num>iii</num>
            <content>
              <p>any record of a kind referred to in paragraph (c);</p>
            </content>
            <content>
              <p>that could be used to discover a particular person’s identity or to get information about a particular person.</p>
              <p><b><i>IGIS official</i></b> (short for Inspector-General of Intelligence and Security official) means:</p>
            </content>
          </paragraph>
          <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-3__para-a">
            <num>a</num>
            <content>
              <p>the Inspector-General of Intelligence and Security; or</p>
            </content>
          </paragraph>
          <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-3__para-b">
            <num>b</num>
            <content>
              <p>	(b)	any other person covered by subsection 32(1) of the <i>Inspector</i><i>-</i><i>General of Intelligence and Security Act 1986</i>.</p>
            </content>
            <content>
              <p><b><i>national security offence </i></b>means:</p>
            </content>
          </paragraph>
          <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-3__para-b">
            <num>b</num>
            <content>
              <p>	(b)	an offence against <i>Criminal Code</i>; or<ref href="#dvs-7">Division 7</ref>2 of the </p>
            </content>
          </paragraph>
          <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-3__para-c">
            <num>c</num>
            <content>
              <p>	(c)	an offence against <i>Criminal Code </i>(treason and related offences) other than section 83.4 (interference with political rights and duties); or<ref href="#part-5">Part 5</ref>.1 of the </p>
            </content>
          </paragraph>
          <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-3__para-ca">
            <num>ca</num>
            <content>
              <p>	(ca)	an offence against <i>Criminal Code </i>(espionage); or<ref href="#dvs-9">Division 9</ref>1 of the </p>
            </content>
          </paragraph>
          <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-3__para-cb">
            <num>cb</num>
            <content>
              <p>	(cb)	an offence against <i>Criminal Code</i>; or<ref href="#part-5">Part 5</ref>.3 or 5.3A (terrorism), or 5.3B (prohibited hate groups), of the </p>
            </content>
          </paragraph>
          <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-3__para-d">
            <num>d</num>
            <content>
              <p>	(d)	an offence against the <i>Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Act 1979</i>; or</p>
            </content>
          </paragraph>
          <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-3__para-e">
            <num>e</num>
            <content>
              <p>	(e)	an offence against the <i>Intelligence Services Act 2001</i>; or</p>
            </content>
          </paragraph>
          <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-3__para-f">
            <num>f</num>
            <content>
              <p>an offence covered by a determination in force under <ref href="#sec-6A">section 6A</ref>.</p>
            </content>
            <content>
              <p><b><i>New Guinea</i></b>:</p>
            </content>
          </paragraph>
          <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-3__para-a">
            <num>a</num>
            <content>
              <p>	(a)	has the same meaning as <b><i>the Territory of New Guinea</i></b> had in the <i>Papua New Guinea Act 1949 </i>immediately before 16 September 1975; and</p>
            </content>
          </paragraph>
          <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-3__para-b">
            <num>b</num>
            <content>
              <p>in relation to any time before <date date="1969-06-04">4 June 1969</date>—includes a reference to the Island of Nauru.</p>
            </content>
            <content>
              <p><term refersTo="#term-old-act">old Act</term> means <def><ref class="unresolved">the Australian Citizenship Act 1948</ref> as in force at any time before the commencement day.</def></p>
              <p><b><i>ordinarily resident</i></b>: a person is taken to be <b><i>ordinarily resident</i></b> in a country if and only if:</p>
            </content>
          </paragraph>
          <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-3__para-a">
            <num>a</num>
            <content>
              <p>he or she has his or her home in that country; or</p>
            </content>
          </paragraph>
          <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-3__para-b">
            <num>b</num>
            <content>
              <p>that country is the country of his or her permanent abode even if he or she is temporarily absent from that country.</p>
            </content>
            <content>
              <p>However, the person is taken not to be so resident if he or she resides in that country for a special or temporary purpose only.</p>
              <p><term refersTo="#term-papua">Papua</term> has the same meaning as <def><ref class="unresolved">the Territory of Papua had in the Papua New Guinea Act 1949</ref> immediately before 16 September 1975.</def></p>
              <p><term refersTo="#term-permanent-resident">permanent resident</term> has the meaning given by <def><ref href="#sec-5">section 5</ref>.</def></p>
              <p><term refersTo="#term-permanent-visa">permanent visa</term> has the same meaning as <def>in <ref class="unresolved">the Migration Act 1958</ref>.</def></p>
              <p><term refersTo="#term-personal-identifier">personal identifier</term> has the meaning given by <def><ref href="#sec-10">section 10</ref>.</def></p>
              <p><term refersTo="#term-prison">prison</term> includes <def>any custodial institution at which a person convicted of an offence may be required to serve the whole or a part of any sentence imposed upon the person because of that conviction.</def></p>
              <p><term refersTo="#term-psychiatric-institution">psychiatric institution</term> includes <def>a psychiatric section of a hospital.</def></p>
              <p><term refersTo="#term-qualified-security-assessment">qualified security assessment</term> has the meaning given by <def><ref href="#sec-35">section 35</ref> of <ref href="">the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Act 1979</ref>.</def></p>
              <p><term refersTo="#term-responsible-parent">responsible parent</term> has the meaning given by <def><ref href="#sec-6">section 6</ref>.</def></p>
              <p><term refersTo="#term-serious-offence">serious offence</term> has the meaning given by <def>subsection 36C(3).</def></p>
              <p><term refersTo="#term-serious-prison-sentence">serious prison sentence</term> means <def>a sentence of imprisonment for a period of at least 12 months.</def></p>
              <p><b><i>serious repeat offender</i></b>: a person is a <b><i>serious repeat offender</i></b> in relation to a serious prison sentence if the sentence was imposed on the person for an offence committed by the person at a time after the person ceased to be confined in prison because of the imposition of another serious prison sentence.</p>
              <p><term refersTo="#term-special-category-visa">special category visa</term> has the same meaning as <def>in <ref class="unresolved">the Migration Act 1958</ref>.</def></p>
              <p><term refersTo="#term-special-purpose-visa">special purpose visa</term> has the same meaning as <def>in <ref class="unresolved">the Migration Act 1958</ref>.</def></p>
              <p><term refersTo="#term-stateless-persons-convention">Stateless Persons Convention</term> means <def>the Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons, done at New York on 28 September 1954 [1974] ATS 20.</def></p>
              <p><b><i>stepchild</i></b>: without limiting who is a stepchild of a person for the purposes of this Act, someone is the <b><i>stepchild</i></b> of a person if he or she would be the person’s stepchild except that the person is not legally married to the person’s de facto partner.</p>
              <p><term refersTo="#term-unlawful-non-citizen">unlawful non-citizen</term> has the same meaning as <def>in <ref href="">the Migration Act 1958</ref>.</def></p>
              <p><term refersTo="#term-visa">visa</term> has the same meaning as <def>in <ref href="">the Migration Act 1958</ref>.</def></p>
            </content>
            <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-3" marker="3">
              <content>
                <p>Note:	The text of the Convention is set out in Australian Treaty Series 1974 No. 20. In 2008, the text of a Convention in the Australian Treaty Series was accessible through the Australian Treaties Library on the AustLII website (www.austlii.edu.au).</p>
              </content>
            </authorialNote>
          </paragraph>
        </section>
        <section eId="part-1__sec-4">
          <num>4</num>
          <heading>Australian citizen</heading>
          <subsection eId="part-1__sec-4__subsec-1">
            <num>1</num>
            <content>
              <p>	(1)	For the purposes of this Act, <b><i>Australian citizen </i></b>means a person who:</p>
            </content>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-4__subsec-1__para-a">
              <num>a</num>
              <content>
                <p>is an Australian citizen under <ref href="#dvs-1">Division 1</ref> or 2 of <ref href="#part-2">Part 2</ref>; or</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-4__subsec-1__para-b">
              <num>b</num>
              <content>
                <p>satisfies both of the following:</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-4__subsec-1__para-i">
              <num>i</num>
              <content>
                <p>	(i)	the person was an Australian citizen under the <i>Australian Citizenship Act 1948</i> immediately before the commencement day;</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-4__subsec-1__para-ii">
              <num>ii</num>
              <content>
                <p>the person has not ceased to be an Australian citizen under this Act.</p>
              </content>
              <content>
                <p>Citizenship under the old Act</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
          </subsection>
          <subsection eId="part-1__sec-4__subsec-2">
            <num>2</num>
            <content>
              <p>	(2)	If, under this Act, it is necessary to work out if a person was an Australian citizen at a time before the commencement day, work that out under the <i>Australian Citizenship Act 1948 </i>as in force at that time.</p>
            </content>
          </subsection>
        </section>
        <section eId="part-1__sec-5">
          <num>5</num>
          <heading>Permanent resident</heading>
          <subsection eId="part-1__sec-5__subsec-1">
            <num>1</num>
            <content>
              <p>	(1)	For the purposes of this Act, a person is a <b><i>permanent resident</i></b> at a particular time if and only if:</p>
            </content>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-5__subsec-1__para-a">
              <num>a</num>
              <content>
                <p>the person is present in Australia at that time and holds a permanent visa at that time; or</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-5__subsec-1__para-b">
              <num>b</num>
              <content>
                <p>both:</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-5__subsec-1__para-i">
              <num>i</num>
              <content>
                <p>the person is not present in Australia at that time and holds a permanent visa at that time; and</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-5__subsec-1__para-ii">
              <num>ii</num>
              <content>
                <p>the person has previously been present in Australia and held a permanent visa immediately before last leaving Australia; or</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-5__subsec-1__para-c">
              <num>c</num>
              <content>
                <p>the person is covered by a determination in force under subsection (2) at that time.</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
          </subsection>
          <subsection eId="part-1__sec-5__subsec-2">
            <num>2</num>
            <content>
              <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may, by legislative instrument, determine that:</p>
            </content>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-5__subsec-2__para-a">
              <num>a</num>
              <content>
                <p>persons who hold a special category visa or a special purpose visa; or</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-5__subsec-2__para-b">
              <num>b</num>
              <content>
                <p>persons who have held a special category visa; or</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-5__subsec-2__para-c">
              <num>c</num>
              <content>
                <p>persons who are present in Norfolk Island or the Territory of Cocos (Keeling) Islands;</p>
              </content>
              <content>
                <p>and who satisfy specified requirements are, or are during a specified period, persons to whom this subsection applies.</p>
                <p>Permanent resident under the old Act</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
          </subsection>
          <subsection eId="part-1__sec-5__subsec-3">
            <num>3</num>
            <content>
              <p>	(3)	If, under this Act, it is necessary to work out if a person was a permanent resident at a time before the commencement day, work that out under the <i>Australian Citizenship Act 1948 </i>as in force at that time.</p>
            </content>
          </subsection>
        </section>
        <section eId="part-1__sec-6">
          <num>6</num>
          <heading>Responsible parent</heading>
          <subsection eId="part-1__sec-6__subsec-1">
            <num>1</num>
            <content>
              <p>	(1)	For the purposes of this Act, a person is a <b><i>responsible parent</i></b> in relation to a child if and only if:</p>
            </content>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-6__subsec-1__para-a">
              <num>a</num>
              <content>
                <p>	(a)	the person is a parent of the child except where, because of orders made under the <i>Family Law Act 1975</i>, the person no longer has any parental responsibility for the child; or</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-6__subsec-1__para-b">
              <num>b</num>
              <content>
                <p>under a parenting order the child is to live with the person (whether or not the person is a parent of the child); or</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-6__subsec-1__para-c">
              <num>c</num>
              <content>
                <p>under a parenting order the person has parental responsibility for the child’s long-term or day-to-day care, welfare and development (whether or not the person is a parent of the child); or</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-6__subsec-1__para-d">
              <num>d</num>
              <content>
                <p>the person (whether or not a parent of the child) has guardianship or custody of the child, jointly or otherwise, under an Australian law or a foreign law, whether because of adoption, operation of law, an order of a court or otherwise.</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
          </subsection>
          <subsection eId="part-1__sec-6__subsec-1A">
            <num>1A</num>
            <content>
              <p>In paragraph (1)(a):</p>
            </content>
            <content>
              <p><b><i>parental responsibility</i></b> has the same meaning as in Part VII of the <i>Family Law Act 1975</i>.</p>
            </content>
          </subsection>
          <subsection eId="part-1__sec-6__subsec-2">
            <num>2</num>
            <content>
              <p>	(2)	Expressions used in paragraphs (1)(b) and (c) have the same meaning as in the <i>Family Law Act 1975</i>.</p>
            </content>
          </subsection>
        </section>
        <section eId="part-1__sec-6A">
          <num>6A</num>
          <heading>National security offences</heading>
          <subsection eId="part-1__sec-6A__subsec-1">
            <num>1</num>
            <content>
              <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may, by legislative instrument, determine that:</p>
            </content>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-6A__subsec-1__para-a">
              <num>a</num>
              <content>
                <p>an offence against a specified provision of a specified Australian law or a specified foreign law; or</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-6A__subsec-1__para-b">
              <num>b</num>
              <content>
                <p>an offence against an Australian law or a foreign law involving specified conduct;</p>
              </content>
              <content>
                <p>is a national security offence for the purposes of paragraph (f) of the definition of <b><i>national security offence </i></b>in section 3.</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
          </subsection>
          <subsection eId="part-1__sec-6A__subsec-2">
            <num>2</num>
            <content>
              <p>A determination under subsection (1) applies in relation to:</p>
            </content>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-6A__subsec-2__para-a">
              <num>a</num>
              <content>
                <p>applications made under this Act after the determination takes effect; and</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-6A__subsec-2__para-b">
              <num>b</num>
              <content>
                <p>applications made under this Act before the determination takes effect that have not been decided before the determination takes effect.</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
          </subsection>
        </section>
        <section eId="part-1__sec-7">
          <num>7</num>
          <heading>Children born on ships or aircraft or after death of parent</heading>
          <content>
            <p>Persons born on ships or aircraft</p>
          </content>
          <subsection eId="part-1__sec-7__subsec-1">
            <num>1</num>
            <content>
              <p>For the purposes of this Act:</p>
            </content>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-7__subsec-1__para-a">
              <num>a</num>
              <content>
                <p>a person born on a ship or aircraft registered in Australia or a foreign country is taken to have been born at the place at which the ship or aircraft is registered; and</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-7__subsec-1__para-b">
              <num>b</num>
              <content>
                <p>a person born on a ship or aircraft not registered in Australia or a foreign country and belonging to the government of a country is taken to have been born in that country.</p>
              </content>
              <content>
                <p>Persons born after death of parent</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
          </subsection>
          <subsection eId="part-1__sec-7__subsec-2">
            <num>2</num>
            <content>
              <p>For the purposes of this Act, the status of a parent of a person at the time of the person’s birth is, for a parent who died before the birth, taken to be the status of the parent when the parent died.</p>
            </content>
          </subsection>
        </section>
        <section eId="part-1__sec-8">
          <num>8</num>
          <heading>Children born as a result of artificial conception procedures or surrogacy arrangements</heading>
          <subsection eId="part-1__sec-8__subsec-1">
            <num>1</num>
            <content>
              <p>This section applies if a child is:</p>
            </content>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-8__subsec-1__para-a">
              <num>a</num>
              <content>
                <p>	(a)	a child of a person under <i>Family Law Act 1975</i>; and<ref href="#sec-60H">section 60H</ref> or 60HB of the </p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-8__subsec-1__para-b">
              <num>b</num>
              <content>
                <p>either:</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-8__subsec-1__para-i">
              <num>i</num>
              <content>
                <p>a child of the person’s spouse or de facto partner under that section; or</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-8__subsec-1__para-ii">
              <num>ii</num>
              <content>
                <p>a biological child of the person’s spouse or de facto partner.</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
          </subsection>
          <subsection eId="part-1__sec-8__subsec-2">
            <num>2</num>
            <content>
              <p>The child is taken for the purposes of this Act:</p>
            </content>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-8__subsec-2__para-a">
              <num>a</num>
              <content>
                <p>to be the child of the person and the spouse or de facto partner; and</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-8__subsec-2__para-b">
              <num>b</num>
              <content>
                <p>not to be the child of anyone else.</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
          </subsection>
        </section>
        <section eId="part-1__sec-9">
          <num>9</num>
          <heading>Confinement in prison or psychiatric institution</heading>
          <content>
            <p>Confinement in prison</p>
          </content>
          <subsection eId="part-1__sec-9__subsec-1">
            <num>1</num>
            <content>
              <p>For the purposes of this Act, the period during which a person is confined to a prison includes a period:</p>
            </content>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-9__subsec-1__para-a">
              <num>a</num>
              <content>
                <p>during which the person is an escapee from the prison; or</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-9__subsec-1__para-b">
              <num>b</num>
              <content>
                <p>during which the person is undergoing a sentence of periodic detention in the prison.</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
          </subsection>
          <subsection eId="part-1__sec-9__subsec-2">
            <num>2</num>
            <content>
              <p>For the purposes of this Act, the period during which a person is confined to a prison does not include a period during which the person has been so confined by reason only of the person serving a sentence relating to a conviction that is later quashed.</p>
            </content>
            <content>
              <p>Confinement in psychiatric institution</p>
            </content>
          </subsection>
          <subsection eId="part-1__sec-9__subsec-3">
            <num>3</num>
            <content>
              <p>For the purposes of this Act, the period during which a person is confined in a psychiatric institution by order of a court includes a period during which the person is an escapee from the institution.</p>
            </content>
          </subsection>
        </section>
        <section eId="part-1__sec-10">
          <num>10</num>
          <heading>Personal identifiers</heading>
          <subsection eId="part-1__sec-10__subsec-1">
            <num>1</num>
            <content>
              <p>	(1)	For the purposes of this Act, a <b><i>personal identifier</i></b> is any of the following (including any of the following in digital form):</p>
            </content>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-10__subsec-1__para-a">
              <num>a</num>
              <content>
                <p>fingerprints or handprints of a person (including those taken using paper and ink or digital livescanning technologies);</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-10__subsec-1__para-b">
              <num>b</num>
              <content>
                <p>a measurement of a person’s height and weight;</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-10__subsec-1__para-c">
              <num>c</num>
              <content>
                <p>a photograph or other image of a person’s face;</p>
              </content>
              <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-4" marker="4">
                <content>
                  <p>Note:	See <ref href="#sec-10A">section 10A</ref>.</p>
                </content>
              </authorialNote>
            </paragraph>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-10__subsec-1__para-d">
              <num>d</num>
              <content>
                <p>an iris scan;</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-10__subsec-1__para-e">
              <num>e</num>
              <content>
                <p>a person’s signature;</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-10__subsec-1__para-f">
              <num>f</num>
              <content>
                <p>	(f)	any other identifier prescribed by the regulations (except an identifier the obtaining of which would involve the carrying out of an intimate forensic procedure <i>Crimes Act 1914</i>).<ref href="#sec-23W">within the meaning of section 23W</ref>A of the </p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
          </subsection>
          <subsection eId="part-1__sec-10__subsec-2">
            <num>2</num>
            <content>
              <p>Before the Governor-General makes regulations for the purposes of paragraph (1)(f) prescribing an identifier, <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> must be satisfied that:</p>
            </content>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-10__subsec-2__para-a">
              <num>a</num>
              <content>
                <p>	(a)	obtaining the identifier would not involve the carrying out of an intimate forensic procedure <i>Crimes Act 1914</i>; and<ref href="#sec-23W">within the meaning of section 23W</ref>A of the </p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-10__subsec-2__para-b">
              <num>b</num>
              <content>
                <p>the identifier is an image of, or a measurement or recording of, an external part of the body; and</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-10__subsec-2__para-c">
              <num>c</num>
              <content>
                <p>obtaining the identifier is necessary for either or both of the following purposes:</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-10__subsec-2__para-i">
              <num>i</num>
              <content>
                <p>assisting in the identification of, and to authenticate the identity of, a person making an application under <ref href="#part-2">Part 2</ref> or seeking to sit a test approved in a determination under <ref href="#sec-23A">section 23A</ref>;</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-10__subsec-2__para-ii">
              <num>ii</num>
              <content>
                <p>combating document and identity fraud in citizenship matters;</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
          </subsection>
        </section>
        <section eId="part-1__sec-10A">
          <num>10A</num>
          <heading>References to photograph or other image of person’s face</heading>
          <content>
            <p>A reference in the citizenship law to a photograph or other image of a person’s face includes a reference to a photograph or other image of:</p>
          </content>
          <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-10A__para-a">
            <num>a</num>
            <content>
              <p>the person’s face and all or part of the person’s neck; or</p>
            </content>
          </paragraph>
          <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-10A__para-b">
            <num>b</num>
            <content>
              <p>the person’s face and neck and all or part of the person’s shoulders.</p>
            </content>
          </paragraph>
        </section>
        <section eId="part-1__sec-10B">
          <num>10B</num>
          <heading>Providing photographs and other images of faces to the Minister or authorised persons</heading>
          <subsection eId="part-1__sec-10B__subsec-1">
            <num>1</num>
            <content>
              <p>This section applies if:</p>
            </content>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-10B__subsec-1__para-a">
              <num>a</num>
              <content>
                <p>the citizenship law requires a person to provide a photograph or other image of the person’s face to <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role>; and</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-10B__subsec-1__para-b">
              <num>b</num>
              <content>
                <p>for the purposes of that requirement:</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-10B__subsec-1__para-i">
              <num>i</num>
              <content>
                <p>	(i)	the person provides to the Minister (the <b><i>recipient</i></b>) a photograph or other image from which the Department can derive (such as by cropping) a photograph or other image of the person’s face; and</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-10B__subsec-1__para-ii">
              <num>ii</num>
              <content>
                <p>	(ii)	the Department derives a photograph or other image of the person’s face (the <b><i>derived image</i></b>) from the photograph or other image that the person provides.</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
          </subsection>
          <subsection eId="part-1__sec-10B__subsec-2">
            <num>2</num>
            <content>
              <p>This section also applies if:</p>
            </content>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-10B__subsec-2__para-a">
              <num>a</num>
              <content>
                <p>the citizenship law requires a person to provide a photograph or other image of the person’s face to a person mentioned in paragraph 40(1)(d) or (e); and</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-10B__subsec-2__para-b">
              <num>b</num>
              <content>
                <p>for the purposes of that requirement:</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-10B__subsec-2__para-i">
              <num>i</num>
              <content>
                <p>	(i)	the person provides to a person mentioned in paragraph 40(1)(d) or (e) (the <b><i>recipient</i></b>) a photograph or other image from which the Department can derive (such as by cropping) a photograph or other image of the person’s face; and</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-10B__subsec-2__para-ii">
              <num>ii</num>
              <content>
                <p>	(ii)	the Department derives a photograph or other image of the person’s face (the <b><i>derived image</i></b>) from the photograph or other image that the person provides.</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
          </subsection>
          <subsection eId="part-1__sec-10B__subsec-3">
            <num>3</num>
            <content>
              <p>For the purposes of the citizenship law, the person is taken to provide the derived image to the recipient for the purposes of the requirement mentioned in paragraph (1)(a) or (2)(a) of this section.</p>
            </content>
          </subsection>
        </section>
        <section eId="part-1__sec-11">
          <num>11</num>
          <heading>Operation of Act</heading>
          <content>
            <p>External Territories</p>
          </content>
          <subsection eId="part-1__sec-11__subsec-1">
            <num>1</num>
            <content>
              <p>This Act extends to the external Territories.</p>
            </content>
            <content>
              <p>Application outside Australia</p>
            </content>
          </subsection>
          <subsection eId="part-1__sec-11__subsec-2">
            <num>2</num>
            <content>
              <p>This Act extends unless the contrary intention appears:</p>
            </content>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-11__subsec-2__para-a">
              <num>a</num>
              <content>
                <p>to acts, omissions, matters and things outside Australia; and</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
            <paragraph eId="part-1__sec-11__subsec-2__para-b">
              <num>b</num>
              <content>
                <p>to all persons, irrespective of their nationality or citizenship.</p>
              </content>
              <content>
                <p>State and Territory laws</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
          </subsection>
          <subsection eId="part-1__sec-11__subsec-3">
            <num>3</num>
            <content>
              <p>It is the intention of the Parliament that this Act apply to the exclusion of any provisions of a law of a State or Territory that provide for Australian citizenship (whether the law was made before or after <date>the commencement day</date>).</p>
            </content>
          </subsection>
        </section>
      </part>
      <part eId="part-2">
        <num>2</num>
        <heading>Australian citizenship</heading>
        <division eId="part-2__dvs-1">
          <num>1</num>
          <heading>Automatic acquisition of Australian citizenship</heading>
          <section eId="part-2__dvs-1__sec-11A">
            <num>11A</num>
            <heading>Simplified outline</heading>
            <content>
              <p>The following is a simplified outline of this Division:</p>
              <p>The most common way you become an Australian citizen under this Division is by being born in Australia and by having a parent who is an Australian citizen or a permanent resident at the time of your birth.</p>
              <p>There are some other, less common, ways of becoming an Australian citizen under this Division. These cover:</p>
              <p>•	citizenship by being born in Australia and by being ordinarily resident in Australia for the next 10 years: see <ref href="#sec-12">section 12</ref>; and</p>
              <p>•	citizenship by adoption: see <ref href="#sec-13">section 13</ref>; and</p>
              <p>•	citizenship for abandoned children: see <ref href="#sec-14">section 14</ref>; and</p>
              <p>•	citizenship by incorporation of territory: see <ref href="#sec-15">section 15</ref>.</p>
            </content>
          </section>
          <section eId="part-2__dvs-1__sec-12">
            <num>12</num>
            <heading>Citizenship by birth</heading>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-1__sec-12__subsec-1">
              <num>1</num>
              <content>
                <p>A person born in Australia is an Australian citizen if and only if:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-1__sec-12__subsec-1__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>a parent of the person is an Australian citizen, or a permanent resident, at the time the person is born; or</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-1__sec-12__subsec-1__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the person is ordinarily resident in Australia throughout the period of 10 years beginning on the day the person is born.</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Enemy occupation</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-1__sec-12__subsec-2">
              <num>2</num>
              <content>
                <p>However, a person is not an Australian citizen under this section if, at the time the person is born:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-1__sec-12__subsec-2__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>a parent of the person is an enemy alien; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-1__sec-12__subsec-2__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the place of the birth is under occupation by the enemy;</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>unless, at that time, the other parent of the person:</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-1__sec-12__subsec-2__para-c">
                <num>c</num>
                <content>
                  <p>is an Australian citizen or a permanent resident; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-1__sec-12__subsec-2__para-d">
                <num>d</num>
                <content>
                  <p>is not an enemy alien.</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
          </section>
          <section eId="part-2__dvs-1__sec-13">
            <num>13</num>
            <heading>Citizenship by adoption</heading>
            <content>
              <p>A person is an Australian citizen if the person is:</p>
            </content>
            <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-1__sec-13__para-a">
              <num>a</num>
              <content>
                <p>adopted under a law in force in a State or Territory; and</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
            <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-1__sec-13__para-b">
              <num>b</num>
              <content>
                <p>adopted by a person who is an Australian citizen at the time of the adoption or by 2 persons jointly at least one of whom is an Australian citizen at that time; and</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
            <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-1__sec-13__para-c">
              <num>c</num>
              <content>
                <p>present in Australia as a permanent resident at that time.</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
          </section>
          <section eId="part-2__dvs-1__sec-14">
            <num>14</num>
            <heading>Citizenship for abandoned children</heading>
            <content>
              <p>A person is an Australian citizen if the person is found abandoned in Australia as a child, unless and until the contrary is proved.</p>
            </content>
          </section>
          <section eId="part-2__dvs-1__sec-15">
            <num>15</num>
            <heading>Citizenship by incorporation of Territory</heading>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-1__sec-15__subsec-1">
              <num>1</num>
              <content>
                <p>A person is an Australian citizen if:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-1__sec-15__subsec-1__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>any territory becomes a part of Australia; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-1__sec-15__subsec-1__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the person is included in a class of persons specified in a determination under this section.</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Determination</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-1__sec-15__subsec-2">
              <num>2</num>
              <content>
                <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may, by legislative instrument, determine that specified classes of persons are Australian citizens from a specified day because of their connection with that territory.</p>
              </content>
              <content>
                <p>Day citizenship begins</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-1__sec-15__subsec-3">
              <num>3</num>
              <content>
                <p>The person becomes an Australian citizen on that day.</p>
              </content>
              <content>
                <p>Retrospective application of instruments</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-1__sec-15__subsec-4">
              <num>4</num>
              <content>
                <p>	(4)	Subsection 12(2) (retrospective application of legislative instruments) of the <i>Legislation Act 2003</i> does not apply to the instrument.</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
          </section>
        </division>
        <division eId="part-2__dvs-2">
          <num>2</num>
          <heading>Acquisition of Australian citizenship by application</heading>
          <subDivision eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A">
            <num>A</num>
            <heading>Citizenship by descent</heading>
            <section eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-15A">
              <num>15A</num>
              <heading>Simplified outline</heading>
              <content>
                <p>The following is a simplified outline of this Subdivision:</p>
                <p>You may be eligible to become an Australian citizen under this Subdivision in 2 situations:</p>
                <p>•	you were born outside Australia on or after <date date="1949-01-26">26 January 1949</date> and a parent of yours was an Australian citizen at the time of your birth: see subsection 16(2); or</p>
                <p>•	you were born outside Australia or New Guinea before <date date="1949-01-26">26 January 1949</date> and a parent of yours was an Australian citizen on <date date="1949-01-26">26 January 1949</date>: see subsection 16(3).</p>
                <p>You must make an application to become an Australian citizen. <role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> must approve or refuse you becoming an Australian citizen.</p>
                <p>You must be eligible to be an Australian citizen to be approved.</p>
                <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may be required to refuse your application on grounds relating to:</p>
                <p>•	non-satisfaction of identity: see subsection 17(3); or</p>
                <p>•	national security: see subsections 17(4) to (4B); or</p>
                <p>•	cessation of citizenship: see subsection 17(5).</p>
                <p>You will be registered if <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> approves you becoming an Australian citizen.</p>
                <p>You do not become an Australian citizen, even if <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> approves you becoming an Australian citizen, unless a parent of yours was an Australian citizen at a particular time: see section 19A.</p>
              </content>
            </section>
            <section eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-16">
              <num>16</num>
              <heading>Application and eligibility for citizenship</heading>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-16__subsec-1">
                <num>1</num>
                <content>
                  <p>A person may make an application to <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> to become an Australian citizen.</p>
                </content>
                <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-5" marker="5">
                  <content>
                    <p>Note:	Section 46 sets out application requirements (which may include the payment of a fee).</p>
                  </content>
                </authorialNote>
                <content>
                  <p>Persons born outside Australia on or after <date date="1949-01-26">26 January 1949</date></p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-16__subsec-2">
                <num>2</num>
                <content>
                  <p>A person born outside Australia on or after <date date="1949-01-26">26 January 1949</date> is eligible to become an Australian citizen if:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-16__subsec-2__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>a parent of the person was an Australian citizen at the time of the birth; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-16__subsec-2__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>if the parent was an Australian citizen under this Subdivision or Subdivision AA, or <ref href="#sec-10B">section 10B</ref>, 10C or 11 of the old Act (about citizenship by descent), at the time of the birth:</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-16__subsec-2__para-i">
                  <num>i</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the parent has been present in Australia (except as an unlawful non-citizen) for a total period of at least 2 years at any time before the person made the application; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-16__subsec-2__para-ii">
                  <num>ii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person is not a national or a citizen of any country at the time the person made the application and the person has never been such a national or citizen; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-16__subsec-2__para-c">
                  <num>c</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>if the person is or has ever been a national or a citizen of any country, or if article 1(2)(iii) of the Stateless Persons Convention applies to the person, and the person is aged 18 or over at the time the person made the application—<role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied that the person is of good character at the time of <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role>’s decision on the application.</p>
                  </content>
                  <content>
                    <p>Persons born outside Australia or New Guinea before <date date="1949-01-26">26 January 1949</date></p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-16__subsec-3">
                <num>3</num>
                <content>
                  <p>A person born outside Australia or New Guinea before <date date="1949-01-26">26 January 1949</date> is eligible to become an Australian citizen if:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-16__subsec-3__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>a parent of the person became an Australian citizen on <date date="1949-01-26">26 January 1949</date>; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-16__subsec-3__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the parent was born in Australia or New Guinea or was naturalised in Australia before the person’s birth; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-16__subsec-3__para-c">
                  <num>c</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>if the person is or has ever been a national or a citizen of any country, or if article 1(2)(iii) of the Stateless Persons Convention applies to the person—<role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied that the person is of good character at the time of <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role>’s decision on the application.</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
            </section>
            <section eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-17">
              <num>17</num>
              <heading>Minister’s decision</heading>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-17__subsec-1">
                <num>1</num>
                <content>
                  <p>If a person makes an application under <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> must, by writing, approve or refuse to approve the person becoming an Australian citizen.<ref href="#sec-16">section 16</ref>, </p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-17__subsec-1A">
                <num>1A</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> must not approve the person becoming an Australian citizen unless the person is eligible to become an Australian citizen under subsection 16(2) or (3).</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-17__subsec-2">
                <num>2</num>
                <content>
                  <p>Subject to this section, <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> must approve the person becoming an Australian citizen if the person is eligible to become an Australian citizen under subsection 16(2) or (3).</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Identity</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-17__subsec-3">
                <num>3</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> must not approve the person becoming an Australian citizen unless <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied of the identity of the person.</p>
                </content>
                <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-6" marker="6">
                  <content>
                    <p>Note:	<ref href="#dvs-5">Division 5</ref> contains the identity provisions.</p>
                  </content>
                </authorialNote>
                <content>
                  <p>National security</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-17__subsec-4">
                <num>4</num>
                <content>
                  <p>	(4)	If the person is not covered by subsection (4B), the Minister must not approve the person becoming an Australian citizen at a time when an adverse security assessment, or a qualified security assessment, in respect of the person is in force under the <i>Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Act 1979</i> that the person is directly or indirectly a risk to security (within the meaning of section 4 of that Act).</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-17__subsec-4A">
                <num>4A</num>
                <content>
                  <p>If the person is covered by subsection (4B), <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> must not approve the person becoming an Australian citizen if the person has been convicted of a national security offence.</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-17__subsec-4B">
                <num>4B</num>
                <content>
                  <p>A person is covered by this subsection if:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-17__subsec-4B__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>at the time the person made the application under <ref href="#sec-16">section 16</ref>, the person:</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-17__subsec-4B__para-i">
                  <num>i</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is not a national of any country; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-17__subsec-4B__para-ii">
                  <num>ii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is not a citizen of any country; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-17__subsec-4B__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>at the time of the person’s birth, the person had a parent who was an Australian citizen.</p>
                  </content>
                  <content>
                    <p>Cessation of citizenship</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-17__subsec-5">
                <num>5</num>
                <content>
                  <p>If the person has at any time ceased to be an Australian citizen, <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> must not approve the person becoming an Australian citizen during the period of 12 months starting on the day on which the person ceased, or last ceased, to be an Australian citizen.</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
            </section>
            <section eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-18">
              <num>18</num>
              <heading>Registration</heading>
              <content>
                <p>If <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> approves the person becoming an Australian citizen, <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> must register the person in the manner prescribed by the regulations.</p>
              </content>
            </section>
            <section eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19">
              <num>19</num>
              <heading>Day citizenship begins</heading>
              <content>
                <p>A person becomes an Australian citizen under this Subdivision on the day on which <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> approves the person becoming an Australian citizen.</p>
              </content>
            </section>
            <section eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19A">
              <num>19A</num>
              <heading>When a person does not become a citizen despite the Minister’s approval</heading>
              <content>
                <p>Despite <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> approves the person becoming an Australian citizen, unless:<ref href="#sec-19">section 19</ref>, a person does not become an Australian citizen under this Subdivision, even if </p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19A__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>if the person was born on or after <date date="1949-01-26">26 January 1949</date>—a parent of the person was an Australian citizen at the time of the person’s birth; or</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19A__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>if the person was born before <date date="1949-01-26">26 January 1949</date>—a parent of the person became an Australian citizen on <date date="1949-01-26">26 January 1949</date>.</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Subdivision AA—Citizenship for persons adopted in accordance with the Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption or a bilateral arrangement</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </section>
            <section eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19B">
              <num>19B</num>
              <heading>Simplified outline</heading>
              <content>
                <p>The following is a simplified outline of this Subdivision:</p>
                <p>You may be eligible to become an Australian citizen under this Subdivision if you are adopted outside Australia by at least one Australian citizen in accordance with:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19B__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption; or</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19B__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>a bilateral arrangement.</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>You must make an application to become an Australian citizen. <role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> must approve or refuse you becoming an Australian citizen.</p>
                  <p>You must be eligible to be an Australian citizen to be approved. You may be refused citizenship even if you are eligible.</p>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may be required to refuse your application on grounds relating to:</p>
                  <p>•	non-satisfaction of identity: see subsection 19D(4); or</p>
                  <p>•	national security: see subsections 19D(5) to (7A); or</p>
                  <p>•	cessation of citizenship: see subsection 19D(8).</p>
                  <p>You will be registered if <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> approves you becoming an Australian citizen.</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </section>
            <section eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19C">
              <num>19C</num>
              <heading>Application and eligibility for citizenship</heading>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19C__subsec-1">
                <num>1</num>
                <content>
                  <p>A person may make an application to <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> to become an Australian citizen.</p>
                </content>
                <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-7" marker="7">
                  <content>
                    <p>Note:	Section 46 sets out application requirements (which may include the payment of a fee).</p>
                  </content>
                </authorialNote>
                <content>
                  <p>Eligibility</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19C__subsec-2">
                <num>2</num>
                <content>
                  <p>	(2)	A person (the <b><i>applicant</i></b>) is eligible to become an Australian citizen if:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19C__subsec-2__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the applicant is adopted in a Convention country or a prescribed overseas jurisdiction by:</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19C__subsec-2__para-i">
                  <num>i</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>	(i)	a person (the <b><i>adopter</i></b>) who is an Australian citizen at time of the adoption; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19C__subsec-2__para-ii">
                  <num>ii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>	(ii)	2 persons jointly, only one of whom (the <b><i>adopter</i></b>) is an Australian citizen at the time of the adoption; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19C__subsec-2__para-iii">
                  <num>iii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>	(iii)	2 persons jointly, both of whom (the <b><i>adopters</i></b>) are Australian citizens at the time of the adoption; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19C__subsec-2__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>an adoption compliance certificate issued in that country is in force for the adoption; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19C__subsec-2__para-c">
                  <num>c</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>under the Intercountry Adoption regulations or the Bilateral Arrangements regulations, as applicable, the adoption is recognised and effective for the laws of the Commonwealth and each State and Territory; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19C__subsec-2__para-d">
                  <num>d</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the legal relationship between the applicant and the individuals who were, immediately before the adoption, the applicant’s parents has been terminated; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19C__subsec-2__para-e">
                  <num>e</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>if subparagraph (a)(i) or (ii) applies and the adopter is an Australian citizen under Subdivision A or this Subdivision at the time of the adoption—the adopter satisfies subsection (3); and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19C__subsec-2__para-f">
                  <num>f</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>if subparagraph (a)(iii) applies and each adopter is an Australian citizen under Subdivision A or this Subdivision at the time of the adoption—either or both of the adopters satisfy subsection (3); and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19C__subsec-2__para-g">
                  <num>g</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>if the applicant is aged 18 or over at the time the applicant made the application—<role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied that the applicant is of good character at the time of <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role>’s decision on the application.</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19C__subsec-3">
                <num>3</num>
                <content>
                  <p>An adopter satisfies this subsection if the adopter has been present in Australia (except as an unlawful non-citizen) for a total period of at least 2 years at any time before the applicant made the application.</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Definitions</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19C__subsec-4">
                <num>4</num>
                <content>
                  <p>In this section:</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p><b><i>adoption compliance certificate</i></b>:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19C__subsec-4__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>for an adoption in accordance with the Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption—has the same meaning as in the Intercountry Adoption regulations; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19C__subsec-4__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>for an adoption in accordance with a bilateral arrangement—has the same meaning as in the Bilateral Arrangements regulations.</p>
                  </content>
                  <content>
                    <p><b><i>Bilateral Arrangements regulations</i></b> means prescribed regulations made under the <i>Family Law Act 1975</i>.</p>
                    <p><b><i>Convention country </i></b>has the same meaning as in the Intercountry Adoption regulations.</p>
                    <p><b><i>Intercountry Adoption regulations </i></b>means prescribed regulations made under the <i>Family Law Act 1975</i>.</p>
                    <p><b><i>prescribed overseas jurisdiction</i></b> has the same meaning as in the Bilateral Arrangements regulations.</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
            </section>
            <section eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19D">
              <num>19D</num>
              <heading>Minister’s decision</heading>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19D__subsec-1">
                <num>1</num>
                <content>
                  <p>If a person makes an application under <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> must, by writing, approve or refuse to approve the person becoming an Australian citizen.<ref href="#sec-19C">section 19C</ref>, </p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19D__subsec-2">
                <num>2</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> must not approve the person becoming an Australian citizen unless the person is eligible to become an Australian citizen under subsection 19C(2).</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19D__subsec-3">
                <num>3</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may refuse to approve the person becoming an Australian citizen despite the person being eligible to become an Australian citizen under subsection 19C(2).</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Identity</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19D__subsec-4">
                <num>4</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> must not approve the person becoming an Australian citizen unless <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied of the identity of the person.</p>
                </content>
                <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-8" marker="8">
                  <content>
                    <p>Note:	<ref href="#dvs-5">Division 5</ref> contains the identity provisions.</p>
                  </content>
                </authorialNote>
                <content>
                  <p>National security</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19D__subsec-5">
                <num>5</num>
                <content>
                  <p>	(5)	If the person is not covered by subsection (7), the Minister must not approve the person becoming an Australian citizen at a time when an adverse security assessment, or a qualified security assessment, in respect of the person is in force under the <i>Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Act 1979</i> that the person is directly or indirectly a risk to security (within the meaning of section 4 of that Act).</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19D__subsec-6">
                <num>6</num>
                <content>
                  <p>If the person is covered by subsection (7), <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> must not approve the person becoming an Australian citizen if the person:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19D__subsec-6__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>if subparagraph (7)(b)(i) applies to the person:</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19D__subsec-6__para-i">
                  <num>i</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>has been convicted of a national security offence; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19D__subsec-6__para-ii">
                  <num>ii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>subject to subsection (7A), has been convicted of an offence against an Australian law or a foreign law, for which the person has been sentenced to a period of imprisonment of at least 5 years; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19D__subsec-6__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>if subparagraph (7)(b)(ii) applies to the person—has been convicted of a national security offence.</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19D__subsec-7">
                <num>7</num>
                <content>
                  <p>A person is covered by this subsection if:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19D__subsec-7__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>at the time the person made the application under <ref href="#sec-19C">section 19C</ref>, the person:</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19D__subsec-7__para-i">
                  <num>i</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is not a national of any country; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19D__subsec-7__para-ii">
                  <num>ii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is not a citizen of any country; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19D__subsec-7__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>either:</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19D__subsec-7__para-i">
                  <num>i</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person was born in Australia; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19D__subsec-7__para-ii">
                  <num>ii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person was born outside Australia and, at the time of the person’s birth, the person had a parent who was an Australian citizen.</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19D__subsec-7A">
                <num>7A</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may decide that subparagraph (6)(a)(ii) does not apply in relation to a person if, taking into account the circumstances that resulted in the person’s conviction, <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied that it would be unreasonable for that subparagraph to apply in relation to the person.</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Cessation of citizenship</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19D__subsec-8">
                <num>8</num>
                <content>
                  <p>If the person has at any time ceased to be an Australian citizen, <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> must not approve the person becoming an Australian citizen during the period of 12 months starting on the day on which the person ceased, or last ceased, to be an Australian citizen.</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
            </section>
            <section eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19E">
              <num>19E</num>
              <heading>Registration</heading>
              <content>
                <p>If <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> approves the person becoming an Australian citizen, <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> must register the person in the manner prescribed by the regulations.</p>
              </content>
            </section>
            <section eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-A__sec-19F">
              <num>19F</num>
              <heading>Day citizenship begins</heading>
              <content>
                <p>A person becomes an Australian citizen under this Subdivision on the day on which <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> approves the person becoming an Australian citizen.</p>
              </content>
            </section>
          </subDivision>
          <subDivision eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B">
            <num>B</num>
            <heading>Citizenship by conferral</heading>
            <section eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-19G">
              <num>19G</num>
              <heading>Simplified outline</heading>
              <content>
                <p>The following is a simplified outline of this Subdivision:</p>
                <p>You may be eligible to become an Australian citizen under this Subdivision in 7 situations:</p>
                <p>•	you satisfy the general eligibility criteria and have successfully completed a citizenship test: see subsections 21(2) and (2A); or</p>
                <p>•	you have a permanent or enduring physical or mental incapacity: see subsection 21(3); or</p>
                <p>•	you are aged 60 or over or have a hearing, speech or sight impairment: see subsection 21(4); or</p>
                <p>•	you are aged under 18: see subsection 21(5); or</p>
                <p>•	you were born to a former Australian citizen: see subsection 21(6); or</p>
                <p>•	you were born in Papua: see subsection 21(7); or</p>
                <p>•	you are a stateless person: see subsection 21(8).</p>
                <p>You must make an application to become an Australian citizen. <role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> must approve or refuse you becoming an Australian citizen.</p>
                <p>You must be eligible to be an Australian citizen to be approved. You may be refused citizenship even if you are eligible.</p>
                <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may be required to refuse your application on grounds relating to:</p>
                <p>•	non-satisfaction of identity: see subsection 24(3); or</p>
                <p>•	national security: see subsections 24(4) to (4C); or</p>
                <p>•	non-presence in Australia: see subsection 24(5); or</p>
                <p>•	offences: see subsection 24(6); or</p>
                <p>•	cessation of citizenship: see subsection 24(7).</p>
                <p>You may need to make a pledge of commitment to become an Australian citizen.</p>
              </content>
            </section>
            <section eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-20">
              <num>20</num>
              <heading>Requirements for becoming a citizen</heading>
              <content>
                <p>A person becomes an Australian citizen under this Subdivision if:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-20__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> decides under subsection 24(1) to approve the person becoming an Australian citizen; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-20__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>if the person is required to make a pledge of commitment to become an Australian citizen—the person makes that pledge.</p>
                </content>
                <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-9" marker="9">
                  <content>
                    <p>Note:	Sections 21 to 25 deal with <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> approving the person becoming an Australian citizen. Sections 26 and 27 deal with the making of a pledge of commitment.</p>
                  </content>
                </authorialNote>
              </paragraph>
            </section>
            <section eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21">
              <num>21</num>
              <heading>Application and eligibility for citizenship</heading>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-1">
                <num>1</num>
                <content>
                  <p>A person may make an application to <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> to become an Australian citizen.</p>
                </content>
                <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-10" marker="10">
                  <content>
                    <p>Note 1:	Subsections (2) to (8) deal with eligibility.</p>
                  </content>
                </authorialNote>
                <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-11" marker="11">
                  <content>
                    <p>Note 2:	Section 46 sets out application requirements (which may include the payment of a fee).</p>
                  </content>
                </authorialNote>
                <content>
                  <p>General eligibility</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-2">
                <num>2</num>
                <content>
                  <p>A person is eligible to become an Australian citizen if <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied that the person:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-2__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is aged 18 or over at the time the person made the application; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-2__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is a permanent resident:</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-2__para-i">
                  <num>i</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>at the time the person made the application; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-2__para-ii">
                  <num>ii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>at the time of <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role>’s decision on the application; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-2__para-c">
                  <num>c</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>satisfies the general residence requirement (see <ref href="#sec-22">section 22</ref>) or the special residence requirement (see <ref href="#sec-22A">section 22A</ref> or 22B), or satisfies the defence service requirement (see <ref href="#sec-23">section 23</ref>), at the time the person made the application; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-2__para-d">
                  <num>d</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>understands the nature of an application under subsection (1); and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-2__para-e">
                  <num>e</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>possesses a basic knowledge of the English language; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-2__para-f">
                  <num>f</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>has an adequate knowledge of Australia and of the responsibilities and privileges of Australian citizenship; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-2__para-g">
                  <num>g</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is likely to reside, or to continue to reside, in Australia or to maintain a close and continuing association with Australia if the application were to be approved; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-2__para-h">
                  <num>h</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is of good character at the time of <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role>’s decision on the application.</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-2A">
                <num>2A</num>
                <content>
                  <p>Paragraphs (2)(d), (e) and (f) are taken to be satisfied if and only if <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied that the following apply:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-2A__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person has sat a test approved in a determination under <ref href="#sec-23A">section 23A</ref>;</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-2A__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person was eligible to sit that test (worked out in accordance with that determination);</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-2A__para-c">
                  <num>c</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>	(c)	the person started that test within the period worked out in accordance with that determination and completed that test within the period (the <b><i>relevant test period</i></b>) worked out in accordance with that determination;</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-2A__para-d">
                  <num>d</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person successfully completed that test (worked out in accordance with that determination) within the relevant test period.</p>
                  </content>
                  <content>
                    <p>Permanent or enduring physical or mental incapacity</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-3">
                <num>3</num>
                <content>
                  <p>A person is eligible to become an Australian citizen if <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied that the person:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-3__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is aged 18 or over at the time the person made the application; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-3__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is a permanent resident:</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-3__para-i">
                  <num>i</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>at the time the person made the application; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-3__para-ii">
                  <num>ii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>at the time of <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role>’s decision on the application; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-3__para-c">
                  <num>c</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>satisfies the general residence requirement (see <ref href="#sec-22">section 22</ref>) or the special residence requirement (see <ref href="#sec-22A">section 22A</ref> or 22B), or satisfies the defence service requirement (see <ref href="#sec-23">section 23</ref>), at the time the person made the application; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-3__para-d">
                  <num>d</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>has a permanent or enduring physical or mental incapacity, at the time the person made the application, that means the person:</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-3__para-i">
                  <num>i</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is not capable of understanding the nature of the application at that time; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-3__para-ii">
                  <num>ii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is not capable of demonstrating a basic knowledge of the English language at that time; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-3__para-iii">
                  <num>iii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is not capable of demonstrating an adequate knowledge of Australia and of the responsibilities and privileges of Australian citizenship at that time; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-3__para-e">
                  <num>e</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is likely to reside, or to continue to reside, in Australia or to maintain a close and continuing association with Australia if the application were to be approved; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-3__para-f">
                  <num>f</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is of good character at the time of <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role>’s decision on the application.</p>
                  </content>
                  <content>
                    <p>Person aged 60 or over or has hearing, speech or sight impairment</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-4">
                <num>4</num>
                <content>
                  <p>A person is eligible to become an Australian citizen if <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied that the person:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-4__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is:</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-4__para-i">
                  <num>i</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>aged 60 or over at the time the person made the application; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-4__para-ii">
                  <num>ii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>aged 18 or over at the time the person made the application and is suffering from a permanent loss or substantial impairment of hearing, speech or sight at that time; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-4__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is a permanent resident:</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-4__para-i">
                  <num>i</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>at the time the person made the application; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-4__para-ii">
                  <num>ii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>at the time of <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role>’s decision on the application; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-4__para-c">
                  <num>c</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>understands the nature of the application at the time the person made the application; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-4__para-d">
                  <num>d</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>satisfies the general residence requirement (see <ref href="#sec-22">section 22</ref>) or the special residence requirement (see <ref href="#sec-22A">section 22A</ref> or 22B), or satisfies the defence service requirement (see <ref href="#sec-23">section 23</ref>), at the time the person made the application; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-4__para-e">
                  <num>e</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is likely to reside, or to continue to reside, in Australia or to maintain a close and continuing association with Australia if the application were to be approved; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-4__para-f">
                  <num>f</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is of good character at the time of <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role>’s decision on the application.</p>
                  </content>
                  <content>
                    <p>Person aged under 18</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-5">
                <num>5</num>
                <content>
                  <p>A person is eligible to become an Australian citizen if <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied that the person:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-5__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is aged under 18 at the time the person made the application; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-5__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is a permanent resident:</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-5__para-i">
                  <num>i</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>at the time the person made the application; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-5__para-ii">
                  <num>ii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>at the time of <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role>’s decision on the application.</p>
                  </content>
                  <content>
                    <p>Person born to former Australian citizen</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-6">
                <num>6</num>
                <content>
                  <p>A person is eligible to become an Australian citizen if <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied that:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-6__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person was born outside Australia; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-6__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>a parent of the person was not an Australian citizen at the time of the person’s birth; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-6__para-c">
                  <num>c</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the parent had ceased to be an Australian citizen under <ref href="#sec-17">section 17</ref> of the old Act (about dual citizenship) before that time; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-6__para-d">
                  <num>d</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>if the person is aged 18 or over at the time the person made the application—the person is of good character at the time of <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role>’s decision on the application.</p>
                  </content>
                  <content>
                    <p>Person born in Papua</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-7">
                <num>7</num>
                <content>
                  <p>A person is eligible to become an Australian citizen if <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied that:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-7__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person was born in Papua before <date date="1975-09-16">16 September 1975</date>; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-7__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>a parent of the person was born in Australia (within the meaning of this Act at the time the person made the application); and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-7__para-c">
                  <num>c</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the parent was an Australian citizen at the time of the person’s birth; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-7__para-d">
                  <num>d</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person is of good character at the time of <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role>’s decision on the application.</p>
                  </content>
                  <content>
                    <p>Statelessness</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-8">
                <num>8</num>
                <content>
                  <p>A person is eligible to become an Australian citizen if <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied that:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-8__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person was born in Australia; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-8__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person:</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-8__para-i">
                  <num>i</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is not a national of any country; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-8__para-ii">
                  <num>ii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is not a citizen of any country; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-8__para-c">
                  <num>c</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person has:</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-8__para-i">
                  <num>i</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>never been a national of any country; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-8__para-ii">
                  <num>ii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>never been a citizen of any country; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-8__para-d">
                  <num>d</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person:</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-8__para-i">
                  <num>i</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is not entitled to acquire the nationality of a foreign country; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-21__subsec-8__para-ii">
                  <num>ii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is not entitled to acquire the citizenship of a foreign country.</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
            </section>
            <section eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22">
              <num>22</num>
              <heading>General residence requirement</heading>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22__subsec-1">
                <num>1</num>
                <content>
                  <p>	(1)	Subject to this section, for the purposes of <b><i>general residence requirement</i></b><b><i> </i></b>if:<ref href="#sec-21">section 21</ref> a person satisfies the </p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22__subsec-1__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person was present in Australia for the period of 4 years immediately before the day the person made the application; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22__subsec-1__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person was not present in Australia as an unlawful non-citizen at any time during that 4 year period; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22__subsec-1__para-c">
                  <num>c</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person was present in Australia as a permanent resident for the period of 12 months immediately before the day the person made the application.</p>
                  </content>
                  <content>
                    <p>Overseas absences</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22__subsec-1A">
                <num>1A</num>
                <content>
                  <p>If:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22__subsec-1A__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person was absent from Australia for a part of the period of 4 years immediately before the day the person made the application; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22__subsec-1A__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the total period of the absence or absences was not more than 12 months;</p>
                  </content>
                  <content>
                    <p>then, for the purposes of paragraph (1)(a), the person is taken to have been present in Australia during each period of absence.</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22__subsec-1B">
                <num>1B</num>
                <content>
                  <p>If:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22__subsec-1B__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person was absent from Australia for a part of the period of 12 months immediately before the day the person made the application; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22__subsec-1B__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the total period of the absence or absences was not more than 90 days; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22__subsec-1B__para-c">
                  <num>c</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person was a permanent resident during each period of absence;</p>
                  </content>
                  <content>
                    <p>then, for the purposes of paragraph (1)(c), the person is taken to have been present in Australia as a permanent resident during each period of absence.</p>
                    <p>Confinement in prison or psychiatric institution</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22__subsec-1C">
                <num>1C</num>
                <content>
                  <p>Subject to subsection (5A), the person is taken not to satisfy paragraph (1)(a) if, at any time during the 4 year period mentioned in that paragraph, the person was:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22__subsec-1C__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>confined in a prison; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22__subsec-1C__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>confined in a psychiatric institution by order of a court made in connection with proceedings for an offence against an Australian law in relation to the person.</p>
                  </content>
                  <content>
                    <p>Partial exemption—person born in Australia or former Australian citizen</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22__subsec-2">
                <num>2</num>
                <content>
                  <p>Paragraphs (1)(a) and (b) do not apply if the person:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22__subsec-2__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>was born in Australia; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22__subsec-2__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>was an Australian citizen at any time before the person made the application.</p>
                  </content>
                  <content>
                    <p>Ministerial discretion—administrative error</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22__subsec-4A">
                <num>4A</num>
                <content>
                  <p>For the purposes of paragraph (1)(b), <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> may treat a period as one in which the person was not present in Australia as an unlawful non-citizen if <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> considers the person was present in Australia during that period but, because of an administrative error, was an unlawful non-citizen during that period.</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22__subsec-5">
                <num>5</num>
                <content>
                  <p>For the purposes of paragraph (1)(c), <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> may treat a period as one in which the person was present in Australia as a permanent resident if <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> considers the person was present in Australia during that period but, because of an administrative error, was not a permanent resident during that period.</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Ministerial discretion—confinement in prison or psychiatric institution</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22__subsec-5A">
                <num>5A</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may decide that subsection (1C) does not apply in relation to the person if, taking into account the circumstances that resulted in the person’s confinement, <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied that it would be unreasonable for that subsection to apply in relation to the person.</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Ministerial discretion—person in Australia would suffer significant hardship or disadvantage</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22__subsec-6">
                <num>6</num>
                <content>
                  <p>For the purposes of paragraph (1)(c), <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> may treat a period as one in which the person was present in Australia as a permanent resident if:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22__subsec-6__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person was present in Australia during that period (except as a permanent resident or an unlawful non-citizen); and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22__subsec-6__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p><role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied that the person will suffer significant hardship or disadvantage if that period were not treated as one during which the person was present in Australia as a permanent resident.</p>
                  </content>
                  <content>
                    <p>Ministerial discretion—spouse, de facto partner or surviving spouse or de facto partner of Australian citizen</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22__subsec-9">
                <num>9</num>
                <content>
                  <p>If the person is the spouse, de facto partner or surviving spouse or de facto partner of an Australian citizen at the time the person made the application, <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> may treat a period as one in which the person was present in Australia as a permanent resident if:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22__subsec-9__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person was a spouse or de facto partner of that Australian citizen during that period; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22__subsec-9__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person was not present in Australia during that period; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22__subsec-9__para-c">
                  <num>c</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person was a permanent resident during that period; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22__subsec-9__para-d">
                  <num>d</num>
                  <content>
                    <p><role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied that the person had a close and continuing association with Australia during that period.</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22__subsec-10">
                <num>10</num>
                <content>
                  <p>In subsection (9):</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p><b><i>surviving spouse or</i></b><b><i> </i></b><b><i>de facto</i></b><b><i> </i></b><b><i>partner </i></b>of a person who has died means a person who was the person’s spouse or de facto partner immediately before the person died and who has not later become the spouse or de facto partner of another person.</p>
                  <p>Ministerial discretion—person in an interdependent relationship</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22__subsec-11">
                <num>11</num>
                <content>
                  <p>If, at the time the person made the application, the person:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22__subsec-11__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>holds a permanent visa granted to the person because the person was in an interdependent relationship with an Australian citizen; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22__subsec-11__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is in that interdependent relationship;</p>
                  </content>
                  <content>
                    <p>then, for the purposes of paragraph (1)(c), <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> may treat a period as one in which the person was present in Australia as a permanent resident if:</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22__subsec-11__para-c">
                  <num>c</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person held that visa during that period and the person was in that interdependent relationship during that period; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22__subsec-11__para-d">
                  <num>d</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person was not present in Australia during that period; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22__subsec-11__para-e">
                  <num>e</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person was a permanent resident during that period; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22__subsec-11__para-f">
                  <num>f</num>
                  <content>
                    <p><role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied that the person had a close and continuing association with Australia during that period.</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
            </section>
            <section eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22A">
              <num>22A</num>
              <heading>Special residence requirement—persons engaging in activities that are of benefit to Australia</heading>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22A__subsec-1">
                <num>1</num>
                <content>
                  <p>	(1)	Subject to this section, for the purposes of <b><i>applicant</i></b>) satisfies the <b><i>special residence requirement </i></b>if:<ref href="#sec-21">section 21</ref> a person (the </p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22A__subsec-1__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the following apply:</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22A__subsec-1__para-i">
                  <num>i</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the applicant is seeking to engage in an activity specified under subsection 22C(1);</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22A__subsec-1__para-ii">
                  <num>ii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the applicant’s engagement in that activity would be of benefit to Australia;</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22A__subsec-1__para-iii">
                  <num>iii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the applicant needs to be an Australian citizen in order to engage in that activity;</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22A__subsec-1__para-iv">
                  <num>iv</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>in order for the applicant to engage in that activity, there is insufficient time for the applicant to satisfy the general residence requirement (see <ref href="#sec-22">section 22</ref>); and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22A__subsec-1__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>	(b)	the head of an organisation specified under subsection 22C(2), or a person whom the Minister is satisfied holds a senior position<i> </i>in that organisation, has given the Minister a notice in writing stating that the applicant has a reasonable prospect of being engaged in that activity; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22A__subsec-1__para-c">
                  <num>c</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the applicant was present in Australia for a total of at least 180 days during the period of 2 years immediately before the day the applicant made the application; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22A__subsec-1__para-d">
                  <num>d</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the applicant was present in Australia for a total of at least 90 days during the period of 12 months immediately before the day the applicant made the application; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22A__subsec-1__para-e">
                  <num>e</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the applicant was ordinarily resident in Australia throughout the period of 2 years immediately before the day the applicant made the application; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22A__subsec-1__para-f">
                  <num>f</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the applicant was a permanent resident for the period of 2 years immediately before the day the applicant made the application; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22A__subsec-1__para-g">
                  <num>g</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the applicant was not present in Australia as an unlawful non-citizen at any time during the period of 2 years immediately before the day the applicant made the application.</p>
                  </content>
                  <content>
                    <p>Ministerial discretion—alternative residence requirements</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22A__subsec-1A">
                <num>1A</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may, by writing, determine that paragraphs (1)(c) to (g) do not apply in relation to the applicant if:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22A__subsec-1A__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p><role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied that paragraphs (1)(a) and (b) apply in relation to the applicant; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22A__subsec-1A__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p><role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied that the applicant satisfies:</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22A__subsec-1A__para-i">
                  <num>i</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>paragraphs 21(2)(a), (b), (d), (e), (f), (g) and (h); or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22A__subsec-1A__para-ii">
                  <num>ii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>paragraphs 21(3)(a), (b), (d), (e) and (f); or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22A__subsec-1A__para-iii">
                  <num>iii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>paragraphs 21(4)(a), (b), (c), (e) and (f); and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22A__subsec-1A__para-c">
                  <num>c</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the applicant was a permanent resident throughout the period of 90 days immediately before the day the applicant made the application; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22A__subsec-1A__para-d">
                  <num>d</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the applicant was not present in Australia as an unlawful non-citizen at any time during the period of 180 days immediately before the day the applicant made the application; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22A__subsec-1A__para-e">
                  <num>e</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the applicant has given <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> an undertaking in a form approved by <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> under subsection (8); and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22A__subsec-1A__para-f">
                  <num>f</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the applicant has declared, in the undertaking, that:</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22A__subsec-1A__para-i">
                  <num>i</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>if the applicant becomes an Australian citizen in circumstances where <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> exercises the power under this subsection, the applicant will be ordinarily resident in Australia throughout the period of 2 years beginning on the day the applicant becomes an Australian citizen; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22A__subsec-1A__para-ii">
                  <num>ii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the applicant understands the effect of <ref href="#sec-34A">section 34A</ref>.</p>
                  </content>
                  <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-12" marker="12">
                    <content>
                      <p>Note:	See also subsections (6) to (11).</p>
                    </content>
                  </authorialNote>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22A__subsec-1B">
                <num>1B</num>
                <content>
                  <p>	(1B)	If the Minister exercises the power under subsection (1A) in relation to the applicant, then, for the purposes of <b><i>special residence requirement</i></b>.<ref href="#sec-21">section 21</ref>, the applicant is taken to satisfy the </p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Confinement in prison or psychiatric institution</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22A__subsec-2">
                <num>2</num>
                <content>
                  <p>Subject to subsection (3), the applicant is taken not to satisfy paragraph (1)(c) if, at any time during the 2 year period mentioned in that paragraph, the applicant was:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22A__subsec-2__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>confined in a prison; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22A__subsec-2__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>confined in a psychiatric institution by order of a court made in connection with proceedings for an offence against an Australian law in relation to the applicant.</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22A__subsec-3">
                <num>3</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may decide that subsection (2) does not apply in relation to the applicant if, taking into account the circumstances that resulted in the applicant’s confinement, <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied that it would be unreasonable for that subsection to apply in relation to the applicant.</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Ministerial discretion—administrative error</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22A__subsec-4">
                <num>4</num>
                <content>
                  <p>For the purposes of paragraph (1)(f) or (1A)(c), <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> may treat a period as one in which the applicant was a permanent resident if <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> considers that, because of an administrative error, the applicant was not a permanent resident during that period.</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22A__subsec-5">
                <num>5</num>
                <content>
                  <p>For the purposes of paragraph (1)(g) or (1A)(d), <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> may treat a period as one in which the applicant was not present in Australia as an unlawful non-citizen if <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> considers the applicant was present in Australia during that period but, because of an administrative error, was an unlawful non-citizen during that period.</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Rules relating to power under subsection (1A)</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22A__subsec-6">
                <num>6</num>
                <content>
                  <p>The power under subsection (1A) may only be exercised by <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> personally.</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22A__subsec-7">
                <num>7</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> does not have a duty to consider whether to exercise the power under subsection (1A), whether he or she is requested to do so by the applicant or by any other person, or in any other circumstances.</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22A__subsec-8">
                <num>8</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may, by writing, approve a form for the purposes of paragraph (1A)(e).</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22A__subsec-9">
                <num>9</num>
                <content>
                  <p>If the applicant becomes an Australian citizen in circumstances where <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> exercised the power under subsection (1A), <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> must cause to be tabled in each House of the Parliament, within 15 sitting days of that House after the day the applicant becomes an Australian citizen, a statement that:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22A__subsec-9__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>states that <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> has exercised the power under subsection (1A); and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22A__subsec-9__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>states the activity covered by paragraph (1)(a); and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22A__subsec-9__para-c">
                  <num>c</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>sets out the reasons for <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role>’s exercise of that power, including why <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> considers that engagement in that activity would be of benefit to Australia.</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22A__subsec-10">
                <num>10</num>
                <content>
                  <p>However, a statement under subsection (9) is not to include the name of the applicant.</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22A__subsec-11">
                <num>11</num>
                <content>
                  <p>A determination under subsection (1A) is not a legislative instrument.</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
            </section>
            <section eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B">
              <num>22B</num>
              <heading>Special residence requirement—persons engaged in particular kinds of work requiring regular travel outside Australia</heading>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-1">
                <num>1</num>
                <content>
                  <p>	(1)	Subject to this section, for the purposes of <b><i>special residence requirement </i></b>if:<ref href="#sec-21">section 21</ref> a person satisfies the </p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-1__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>at the time the person made the application, the person is engaged in work of a kind specified under subsection 22C(3) and the person is required to regularly travel outside Australia because of that work; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-1__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the following apply:</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-1__para-i">
                  <num>i</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person was engaged in that kind of work for a total of at least 2 years during the period of 4 years immediately before the day the person made the application;</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-1__para-ii">
                  <num>ii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>for the whole or part of that 4 year period when the person was engaged in that kind of work, the person regularly travelled outside Australia because of that work; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-1__para-c">
                  <num>c</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person was present in Australia for a total of at least 480 days during the period of 4 years immediately before the day the person made the application; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-1__para-d">
                  <num>d</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person was present in Australia for a total of at least 120 days during the period of 12 months immediately before the day the person made the application; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-1__para-e">
                  <num>e</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person was ordinarily resident in Australia throughout the period of 4 years immediately before the day the person made the application; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-1__para-f">
                  <num>f</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person was a permanent resident for the period of 12 months immediately before the day the person made the application; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-1__para-g">
                  <num>g</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person was not present in Australia as an unlawful non-citizen at any time during the period of 4 years immediately before the day the person made the application.</p>
                  </content>
                  <content>
                    <p>Ministerial discretion—alternative residence requirements</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-1A">
                <num>1A</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may, by writing, determine that paragraphs (1)(c) to (g) do not apply in relation to the person if:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-1A__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p><role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied that paragraphs (1)(a) and (b) apply in relation to the person; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-1A__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p><role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied that the person’s engagement in the kind of work concerned is of benefit to Australia; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-1A__para-c">
                  <num>c</num>
                  <content>
                    <p><role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied that the person satisfies:</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-1A__para-i">
                  <num>i</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>paragraphs 21(2)(a), (b), (d), (e), (f), (g) and (h); or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-1A__para-ii">
                  <num>ii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>paragraphs 21(3)(a), (b), (d), (e) and (f); or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-1A__para-iii">
                  <num>iii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>paragraphs 21(4)(a), (b), (c), (e) and (f); and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-1A__para-d">
                  <num>d</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person was present in Australia for a total of at least 180 days during the period of 2 years immediately before the day the person made the application; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-1A__para-e">
                  <num>e</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person was a permanent resident throughout the period of 90 days immediately before the day the person made the application; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-1A__para-f">
                  <num>f</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person was not present in Australia as an unlawful non-citizen at any time during the period of 180 days immediately before the day the person made the application; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-1A__para-g">
                  <num>g</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person has given <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> an undertaking, in a form approved by <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> under subsection (8), that, if the person becomes an Australian citizen in circumstances where <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> exercises the power under this subsection:</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-1A__para-i">
                  <num>i</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person will be ordinarily resident in Australia throughout the period of 2 years beginning on the day the person becomes an Australian citizen; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-1A__para-ii">
                  <num>ii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person will be present in Australia for a total of at least 180 days during that 2-year period; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-1A__para-h">
                  <num>h</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person has declared, in the undertaking, that the person understands the effect of <ref href="#sec-34A">section 34A</ref>.</p>
                  </content>
                  <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-13" marker="13">
                    <content>
                      <p>Note:	See also subsections (6) to (11).</p>
                    </content>
                  </authorialNote>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-1B">
                <num>1B</num>
                <content>
                  <p>	(1B)	If the Minister exercises the power under subsection (1A) in relation to the person, then, for the purposes of <b><i>special residence requirement</i></b>.<ref href="#sec-21">section 21</ref>, the person is taken to satisfy the </p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Confinement in prison or psychiatric institution</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-2">
                <num>2</num>
                <content>
                  <p>Subject to subsection (3), the person is taken not to satisfy:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-2__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>paragraph (1)(c) if, at any time during the 4-year period mentioned in that paragraph; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-2__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>paragraph (1A)(d) if, at any time during the 2-year period mentioned in that paragraph;</p>
                  </content>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person was:</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-2__para-c">
                  <num>c</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>confined in a prison; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-2__para-d">
                  <num>d</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>confined in a psychiatric institution by order of a court made in connection with proceedings for an offence against an Australian law in relation to the person.</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-3">
                <num>3</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may decide that subsection (2) does not apply in relation to the person if, taking into account the circumstances that resulted in the person’s confinement, <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied that it would be unreasonable for that subsection to apply in relation to the person.</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Ministerial discretion—administrative error</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-4">
                <num>4</num>
                <content>
                  <p>For the purposes of paragraph (1)(f) or (1A)(e), <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> may treat a period as one in which the person was a permanent resident if <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> considers that, because of an administrative error, the person was not a permanent resident during that period.</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-5">
                <num>5</num>
                <content>
                  <p>For the purposes of paragraph (1)(g) or (1A)(f), <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> may treat a period as one in which the person was not present in Australia as an unlawful non-citizen if <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> considers the person was present in Australia during that period but, because of an administrative error, was an unlawful non-citizen during that period.</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Rules relating to power under subsection (1A)</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-6">
                <num>6</num>
                <content>
                  <p>The power under subsection (1A) may only be exercised by <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> personally.</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-7">
                <num>7</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> does not have a duty to consider whether to exercise the power under subsection (1A), whether he or she is requested to do so by the person or by any other person, or in any other circumstances.</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-8">
                <num>8</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may, by writing, approve a form for the purposes of paragraph (1A)(g).</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-9">
                <num>9</num>
                <content>
                  <p>If the person becomes an Australian citizen in circumstances where <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> exercised the power under subsection (1A), <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> must cause to be tabled in each House of the Parliament, within 15 sitting days of that House after the day the person becomes an Australian citizen, a statement that:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-9__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>states that <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> has exercised the power under subsection (1A); and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-9__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>states the kind of work covered by paragraph (1)(a); and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-9__para-c">
                  <num>c</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>sets out the reasons for <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role>’s exercise of that power, including why <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> considers that engagement in that kind of work is of benefit to Australia.</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-10">
                <num>10</num>
                <content>
                  <p>However, a statement under subsection (9) is not to include the name of the person.</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22B__subsec-11">
                <num>11</num>
                <content>
                  <p>A determination under subsection (1A) is not a legislative instrument.</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
            </section>
            <section eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22C">
              <num>22C</num>
              <heading>Special residence requirement—legislative instruments</heading>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22C__subsec-1">
                <num>1</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may, by legislative instrument, specify activities for the purposes of subparagraph 22A(1)(a)(i).</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22C__subsec-2">
                <num>2</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may, by legislative instrument, specify organisations for the purposes of paragraph 22A(1)(b).</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-22C__subsec-3">
                <num>3</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may, by legislative instrument, specify kinds of work for the purposes of paragraph 22B(1)(a).</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
            </section>
            <section eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-23">
              <num>23</num>
              <heading>Defence service requirement</heading>
              <content>
                <p>Person who has completed relevant defence service</p>
              </content>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-23__subsec-1">
                <num>1</num>
                <content>
                  <p>	(1)	For the purposes of <b><i>defence service requirement</i></b> if the person has completed relevant defence service.<ref href="#sec-21">section 21</ref>, a person satisfies the </p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Member of family unit of person who has completed relevant defence service etc.</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-23__subsec-2">
                <num>2</num>
                <content>
                  <p>If:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-23__subsec-2__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>	(a)	a person (the <b><i>defence person</i></b>) was granted, on or after 1 July 2007, a visa prescribed by the regulations; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-23__subsec-2__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the defence person has completed relevant defence service; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-23__subsec-2__para-c">
                  <num>c</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>	(c)	another person (the <b><i>relative</i></b>) was a member of the family unit of the defence person when the defence person was granted the visa; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-23__subsec-2__para-d">
                  <num>d</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the relative holds a visa of that kind because the relative is a member of the family unit of the defence person;</p>
                  </content>
                  <content>
                    <p>the relative satisfies the <b><i>defence service requirement</i></b> for the purposes of section 21.</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-23__subsec-3">
                <num>3</num>
                <content>
                  <p>If:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-23__subsec-3__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>	(a)	a person (the <b><i>defence person</i></b>) was granted, on or after 1 July 2007, a visa prescribed by the regulations; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-23__subsec-3__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the defence person dies while undertaking service in the Permanent Forces or the Reserves; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-23__subsec-3__para-c">
                  <num>c</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>	(c)	another person (the <b><i>relative</i></b>) was a member of the family unit of the defence person when the defence person was granted the visa; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-23__subsec-3__para-d">
                  <num>d</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>immediately before the death of the defence person, the relative held a visa of that kind because the relative was a member of the family unit of the defence person;</p>
                  </content>
                  <content>
                    <p>the relative satisfies the <b><i>defence service requirement</i></b> for the purposes of section 21.</p>
                    <p>Definitions</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-23__subsec-4">
                <num>4</num>
                <content>
                  <p>In this section:</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p><b><i>member of the family unit</i></b> of a person has the same meaning as in the <i>Migration Act 1958</i>.</p>
                  <p><b><i>Permanent Forces</i></b> means the Permanent Navy, the Regular Army or the Permanent Air Force.</p>
                  <p><b><i>relevant defence service</i></b>: a person has completed <b><i>relevant defence service</i></b> if:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-23__subsec-4__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person has undertaken a total of at least 90 days service in one or more of the Permanent Forces (whether or not that service was continuous); or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-23__subsec-4__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>	(b)	the person has undertaken a total of at least 90 days<i> </i>service on which he or she was required for, and attended and was entitled to be paid for, duty in one or more of the Reserves (whether or not that service was continuous); or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-23__subsec-4__para-c">
                  <num>c</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person:</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-23__subsec-4__para-i">
                  <num>i</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>was discharged from service undertaken in one of the Permanent Forces or the Reserves as medically unfit for that service; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-23__subsec-4__para-ii">
                  <num>ii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>became so unfit because of service undertaken in any of the Permanent Forces or the Reserves.</p>
                  </content>
                  <content>
                    <p><b><i>Reserves</i></b> means the Naval Reserve, the Army Reserve or the Air Force Reserve.</p>
                    <p><b><i>service</i></b>: a person undertakes <b><i>service</i></b> in the Permanent Forces or the Reserves only if the person is appointed, enlisted or transferred into any of the Permanent Forces or the Reserves.</p>
                  </content>
                  <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-14" marker="14">
                    <content>
                      <p>Note:	For appointment, enlistment or transfer into any of the Permanent Forces or the Reserves, see the <i>Defence Act 1903</i>.</p>
                    </content>
                  </authorialNote>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
            </section>
            <section eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-23A">
              <num>23A</num>
              <heading>Citizenship test</heading>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-23A__subsec-1">
                <num>1</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> must, by written determination, approve a test for the purposes of subsection 21(2A) (about general eligibility for citizenship).</p>
                </content>
                <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-15" marker="15">
                  <content>
                    <p>Note:	The test must be related to the eligibility criteria referred to in paragraphs 21(2)(d), (e) and (f).</p>
                  </content>
                </authorialNote>
                <content>
                  <p>Successful completion of the test</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-23A__subsec-2">
                <num>2</num>
                <content>
                  <p>A determination under subsection (1) must specify what amounts to successful completion of the test.</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Eligibility criteria for sitting the test</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-23A__subsec-3">
                <num>3</num>
                <content>
                  <p>A determination under subsection (1) may set out the eligibility criteria a person must satisfy to be able to sit the test.</p>
                </content>
                <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-16" marker="16">
                  <content>
                    <p>Note:	The eligibility criteria for sitting the test cannot be inconsistent with this Act and in particular subsection 21(2) (about the general eligibility criteria for becoming an Australian citizen).</p>
                  </content>
                </authorialNote>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-23A__subsec-4">
                <num>4</num>
                <content>
                  <p>For the purposes of subsection (3), the determination may provide that a person is not eligible to sit the test unless the person is a permanent resident and <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied of the identity of the person.</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-23A__subsec-5">
                <num>5</num>
                <content>
                  <p>Subsection (4) does not limit subsection (3).</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Period for sitting and completing the test</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-23A__subsec-5A">
                <num>5A</num>
                <content>
                  <p>A determination under subsection (1) may provide for the period within which a person must start the test and for the period within which a person must complete the test.</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Other matters</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-23A__subsec-6">
                <num>6</num>
                <content>
                  <p>	(6)	A determination under subsection (1) may cover any other matter related to the test<i> </i>the Minister thinks appropriate.</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Determination not a legislative instrument</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-23A__subsec-7">
                <num>7</num>
                <content>
                  <p>A determination made under subsection (1) is not a legislative instrument.</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
            </section>
            <section eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-24">
              <num>24</num>
              <heading>Minister’s decision</heading>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-24__subsec-1">
                <num>1</num>
                <content>
                  <p>If a person makes an application under <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> must, by writing, approve or refuse to approve the person becoming an Australian citizen.<ref href="#sec-21">section 21</ref>, </p>
                </content>
                <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-17" marker="17">
                  <content>
                    <p>Note:	<role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may cancel an approval: see section 25.</p>
                  </content>
                </authorialNote>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-24__subsec-1A">
                <num>1A</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> must not approve the person becoming an Australian citizen unless the person is eligible to become an Australian citizen under subsection 21(2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7) or (8).</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-24__subsec-2">
                <num>2</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may refuse to approve the person becoming an Australian citizen despite the person being eligible to become an Australian citizen under subsection 21(2), (3), (4), (5), (6) or (7).</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-24__subsec-2A">
                <num>2A</num>
                <content>
                  <p>If <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> exercised the power under subsection 22A(1A) or 22B(1A) in relation to the person, the decision under subsection (1) of this section must be made by <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> personally.</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Identity</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-24__subsec-3">
                <num>3</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> must not approve the person becoming an Australian citizen unless <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied of the identity of the person.</p>
                </content>
                <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-18" marker="18">
                  <content>
                    <p>Note:	<ref href="#dvs-5">Division 5</ref> contains the identity provisions.</p>
                  </content>
                </authorialNote>
                <content>
                  <p>National security</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-24__subsec-4">
                <num>4</num>
                <content>
                  <p>	(4)	If the person is not covered by subsection (4B), the Minister must not approve the person becoming an Australian citizen at a time when an adverse security assessment, or a qualified security assessment, in respect of the person is in force under the <i>Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Act 1979</i> that the person is directly or indirectly a risk to security (within the meaning of section 4 of that Act).</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-24__subsec-4A">
                <num>4A</num>
                <content>
                  <p>If the person is covered by subsection (4B), <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> must not approve the person becoming an Australian citizen if the person:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-24__subsec-4A__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>if subparagraph (4B)(b)(i) applies to the person:</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-24__subsec-4A__para-i">
                  <num>i</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>has been convicted of a national security offence; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-24__subsec-4A__para-ii">
                  <num>ii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>subject to subsection (4C), has been convicted of an offence against an Australian law or a foreign law, for which the person has been sentenced to a period of imprisonment of at least 5 years; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-24__subsec-4A__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>if subparagraph (4B)(b)(ii) applies to the person—has been convicted of a national security offence.</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-24__subsec-4B">
                <num>4B</num>
                <content>
                  <p>A person is covered by this subsection if:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-24__subsec-4B__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>at the time the person made the application under <ref href="#sec-21">section 21</ref>, the person:</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-24__subsec-4B__para-i">
                  <num>i</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is not a national of any country; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-24__subsec-4B__para-ii">
                  <num>ii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is not a citizen of any country; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-24__subsec-4B__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>either:</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-24__subsec-4B__para-i">
                  <num>i</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person was born in Australia; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-24__subsec-4B__para-ii">
                  <num>ii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person was born outside Australia and, at the time of the person’s birth, the person had a parent who was an Australian citizen.</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-24__subsec-4C">
                <num>4C</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may decide that subparagraph (4A)(a)(ii) does not apply in relation to a person if, taking into account the circumstances that resulted in the person’s conviction, <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied that it would be unreasonable for that subparagraph to apply in relation to the person.</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-24__subsec-4D">
                <num>4D</num>
                <content>
                  <p>To avoid doubt, subsection (4A) applies to a person who is eligible to become an Australian citizen under subsection 21(8).</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Person not present in Australia</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-24__subsec-5">
                <num>5</num>
                <content>
                  <p>If:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-24__subsec-5__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person is covered by subsection 21(2), (3) or (4); and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-24__subsec-5__para-aa">
                  <num>aa</num>
                  <content>
                    <p><role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied that the person did not satisfy the special residence requirement referred to in section 22A or 22B; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-24__subsec-5__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p><role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> did not apply subsection 22(9) in relation to the person; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-24__subsec-5__para-c">
                  <num>c</num>
                  <content>
                    <p><role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> did not apply subsection 22(11) in relation to the person;</p>
                  </content>
                  <content>
                    <p><role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> must not approve the person becoming an Australian citizen at a time when the person is not present in Australia.</p>
                    <p>Offences</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-24__subsec-6">
                <num>6</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> must not approve the person becoming an Australian citizen at a time:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-24__subsec-6__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>when proceedings for an offence against an Australian law (including proceedings by way of appeal or review) are pending in relation to the person; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-24__subsec-6__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>when the person is confined to a prison in Australia; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-24__subsec-6__para-c">
                  <num>c</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>during the period of 2 years after the end of any period during which the person has been confined to a prison in Australia because of the imposition on the person of a serious prison sentence; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-24__subsec-6__para-d">
                  <num>d</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>if the person is a serious repeat offender in relation to a serious prison sentence—during the period of 10 years after the end of any period during which the person has been confined to a prison in Australia because of the imposition of that sentence; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-24__subsec-6__para-e">
                  <num>e</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>if the person has been released from serving the whole or a part of a sentence of imprisonment on parole or licence—during any period during which action can be taken under an Australian law to require the person to serve the whole or a part of that sentence; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-24__subsec-6__para-f">
                  <num>f</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>if the person:</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-24__subsec-6__para-i">
                  <num>i</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>has been released by a court from serving the whole or a part of a sentence of imprisonment; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-24__subsec-6__para-ii">
                  <num>ii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>has been so released because the person gave a security, with or without sureties, by recognizance or otherwise, that the person will comply with conditions relating to the person’s behaviour;</p>
                  </content>
                  <content>
                    <p>during any period during which action can be taken against the person under an Australian law because of a breach of a condition of that security; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-24__subsec-6__para-g">
                  <num>g</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>if, in respect of proceedings for an offence against an Australian law in relation to the person:</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-24__subsec-6__para-i">
                  <num>i</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>a court does not impose a sentence of imprisonment on the person; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-24__subsec-6__para-ii">
                  <num>ii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the court releases the person because the person gives a security, with or without sureties, by recognizance or otherwise, that the person will comply with conditions relating to the person’s behaviour;</p>
                  </content>
                  <content>
                    <p>during any period during which action can be taken against the person under an Australian law because of a breach of a condition of that security; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-24__subsec-6__para-h">
                  <num>h</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>during any period during which the person is confined in a psychiatric institution by order of a court made in connection with proceedings for an offence against an Australian law in relation to the person.</p>
                  </content>
                  <content>
                    <p>Cessation of citizenship</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-24__subsec-7">
                <num>7</num>
                <content>
                  <p>If the person has at any time ceased to be an Australian citizen, <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> must not approve the person becoming an Australian citizen during the period of 12 months starting on the day on which the person ceased, or last ceased, to be an Australian citizen.</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Statelessness</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-24__subsec-8">
                <num>8</num>
                <content>
                  <p>However, subsections (6) and (7) do not apply to a person covered by subsection 21(8) (about statelessness).</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
            </section>
            <section eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-25">
              <num>25</num>
              <heading>Minister may cancel approval</heading>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-25__subsec-1">
                <num>1</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may, by writing, cancel an approval given to a person under section 24 if:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-25__subsec-1__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person has not become an Australian citizen under <ref href="#sec-28">section 28</ref>; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-25__subsec-1__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>either of the following 2 situations apply.</p>
                  </content>
                  <content>
                    <p>Eligibility criteria not met</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-25__subsec-2">
                <num>2</num>
                <content>
                  <p>The first situation applies if:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-25__subsec-2__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person is covered by subsection 21(2), (3) or (4); and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-25__subsec-2__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p><role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied that, at the time <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> proposes to cancel the approval, the person is:</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-25__subsec-2__para-i">
                  <num>i</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>not a permanent resident; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-25__subsec-2__para-ii">
                  <num>ii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>not likely to reside, or to continue to reside, in Australia or to maintain a close and continuing association with Australia; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-25__subsec-2__para-iii">
                  <num>iii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>not of good character.</p>
                  </content>
                  <content>
                    <p>Failure to make pledge of commitment</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-25__subsec-3">
                <num>3</num>
                <content>
                  <p>The second situation applies if:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-25__subsec-3__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person has failed to make a pledge of commitment <quantity refersTo="#deadline">within 12 months</quantity> after the day on which the person received notice of the approval; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-25__subsec-3__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person’s reason for the failure is not one that is prescribed by the regulations for the purposes of this subsection.</p>
                  </content>
                  <content>
                    <p>Cancellation of child’s approval</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-25__subsec-4">
                <num>4</num>
                <content>
                  <p>If:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-25__subsec-4__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>a child aged under 16 makes an application under <ref href="#sec-21">section 21</ref> at a particular time; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-25__subsec-4__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>1 or more responsible parents of the child make applications under <ref href="#sec-21">section 21</ref> at that time; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-25__subsec-4__para-c">
                  <num>c</num>
                  <content>
                    <p><role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> decides under section 24 to approve the child and 1 or more of the responsible parents becoming Australian citizens; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-25__subsec-4__para-d">
                  <num>d</num>
                  <content>
                    <p><role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> cancels the approval given to each responsible parent;</p>
                  </content>
                  <content>
                    <p><role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> must, by writing, cancel the approval given to the child.</p>
                    <p>Effect of cancellation</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-25__subsec-5">
                <num>5</num>
                <content>
                  <p>If <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> cancels an approval given to a person, the approval is taken never to have been given.</p>
                </content>
                <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-19" marker="19">
                  <content>
                    <p>Note:	A person cannot become an Australian citizen under this Subdivision unless <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> approves the person becoming an Australian citizen. This subsection has the effect that the person will need to make another application if the person wants to become an Australian citizen.</p>
                  </content>
                </authorialNote>
              </subsection>
            </section>
            <section eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-26">
              <num>26</num>
              <heading>Pledge of commitment must be made</heading>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-26__subsec-1">
                <num>1</num>
                <content>
                  <p>A person must make a pledge of commitment to become an Australian citizen unless the person:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-26__subsec-1__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is aged under 16 at the time the person made the application to become an Australian citizen; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-26__subsec-1__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>has a permanent or enduring physical or mental incapacity, at the time the person made the application to become an Australian citizen, that means the person:</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-26__subsec-1__para-i">
                  <num>i</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is not capable of understanding the nature of the application at that time; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-26__subsec-1__para-ii">
                  <num>ii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is not capable of demonstrating a basic knowledge of the English language at that time; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-26__subsec-1__para-iii">
                  <num>iii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is not capable of demonstrating an adequate knowledge of Australia and of the responsibilities and privileges of Australian citizenship at that time; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-26__subsec-1__para-c">
                  <num>c</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is covered by subsection 21(6), (7) or (8).</p>
                  </content>
                  <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-20" marker="20">
                    <content>
                      <p>Note:	See <ref href="#sec-27">section 27</ref> for how the pledge is to be made.</p>
                    </content>
                  </authorialNote>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-26__subsec-2">
                <num>2</num>
                <content>
                  <p>A person must not make a pledge of commitment before <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> approves the person’s application to become an Australian citizen. A pledge of commitment made by the person before that time is of no effect.</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Delayed making of pledge</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-26__subsec-3">
                <num>3</num>
                <content>
                  <p>If the person is required to make a pledge of commitment and has not done so, <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> may determine, in writing, that the person cannot make the pledge until the end of a specified period if <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied that:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-26__subsec-3__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>	(a)	a visa held by the person may be cancelled under the <i>Migration Act 1958</i> (whether or not the person has been given any notice to that effect); or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-26__subsec-3__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person has been or may be charged with an offence under an Australian law.</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-26__subsec-4">
                <num>4</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> must not specify a period that exceeds, or periods that in total exceed, 12 months.</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-26__subsec-5">
                <num>5</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may, by writing, revoke a determination.</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-26__subsec-6">
                <num>6</num>
                <content>
                  <p>If a determination is in force in relation to a person, the person must not make a pledge of commitment before the end of the period specified in the determination. A pledge of commitment made by the person before that time is of no effect.</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
            </section>
            <section eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-27">
              <num>27</num>
              <heading>How pledge of commitment is to be made</heading>
              <content>
                <p>Form of pledge</p>
              </content>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-27__subsec-1">
                <num>1</num>
                <content>
                  <p>A pledge of commitment must be made in accordance with either of the forms set out in Schedule 1.</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Prescribed arrangements</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-27__subsec-2">
                <num>2</num>
                <content>
                  <p>A pledge of commitment must be made in accordance with the arrangements prescribed by the regulations.</p>
                </content>
                <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-21" marker="21">
                  <content>
                    <p>Note:	The regulations may provide for a pledge of commitment to be made in public.</p>
                  </content>
                </authorialNote>
                <content>
                  <p>Persons who may receive pledge</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-27__subsec-3">
                <num>3</num>
                <content>
                  <p>A pledge of commitment must be made before:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-27__subsec-3__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p><role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role>; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-27__subsec-3__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>a person authorised under subsection (4); or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-27__subsec-3__para-c">
                  <num>c</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>a person who is included in a class of persons authorised under subsection (5).</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-27__subsec-4">
                <num>4</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may, by writing, authorise a person for the purposes of paragraph (3)(b).</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-27__subsec-5">
                <num>5</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may, by legislative instrument, authorise a class of persons for the purposes of paragraph (3)(c).</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
            </section>
            <section eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-28">
              <num>28</num>
              <heading>Day citizenship begins etc.</heading>
              <content>
                <p>Persons required to make pledge of commitment</p>
              </content>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-28__subsec-1">
                <num>1</num>
                <content>
                  <p>A person required to make a pledge of commitment becomes an Australian citizen under this Subdivision on the day on which the person makes the pledge.</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Persons not required to make pledge of commitment</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-28__subsec-2">
                <num>2</num>
                <content>
                  <p>Subject to subsection (3), a person not required to make a pledge of commitment becomes an Australian citizen under this Subdivision on the day on which <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> approves the person becoming an Australian citizen.</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Applications made at the same time by child and responsible parents</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-28__subsec-3">
                <num>3</num>
                <content>
                  <p>Subsection (2) does not apply to a child aged under 16 at the time the child made the application to become an Australian citizen if:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-28__subsec-3__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>1 or more responsible parents of the child made applications under <ref href="#sec-21">section 21</ref> at that time; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-28__subsec-3__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p><role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> decided under section 24 to approve the child and 1 or more of the responsible parents becoming Australian citizens.</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-B__sec-28__subsec-4">
                <num>4</num>
                <content>
                  <p>If 1 or more of the responsible parents become Australian citizens under this section, the child becomes an Australian citizen on the first day on which a responsible parent becomes an Australian citizen.</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
            </section>
          </subDivision>
          <subDivision eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-C">
            <num>C</num>
            <heading>Resuming citizenship</heading>
            <section eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-C__sec-28A">
              <num>28A</num>
              <heading>Simplified outline</heading>
              <content>
                <p>The following is a simplified outline of this Subdivision:</p>
                <p>You may be eligible to become an Australian citizen under this Subdivision if you ceased to be an Australian citizen under this Act or the old Act.</p>
                <p>You must make an application to become an Australian citizen again. <role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> must approve or refuse you becoming an Australian citizen again.</p>
                <p>You must be eligible to be an Australian citizen again to be approved. You may be refused citizenship again even if you are eligible.</p>
                <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may be required to refuse your application on grounds relating to:</p>
                <p>•	non-satisfaction of identity: see subsection 30(3); or</p>
                <p>•	national security: see subsections 30(4) to (7).</p>
                <p>You will be registered if <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> approves you becoming an Australian citizen again.</p>
              </content>
            </section>
            <section eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-C__sec-29">
              <num>29</num>
              <heading>Application and eligibility for resuming citizenship</heading>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-C__sec-29__subsec-1">
                <num>1</num>
                <content>
                  <p>A person may make an application to <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> to become an Australian citizen again.</p>
                </content>
                <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-22" marker="22">
                  <content>
                    <p>Note 1:	Section 46 sets out application requirements (which may include the payment of a fee).</p>
                  </content>
                </authorialNote>
                <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-23" marker="23">
                  <content>
                    <p>Note 2:	The person may also apply to become an Australian citizen again under Subdivision A, AA or B.</p>
                  </content>
                </authorialNote>
                <content>
                  <p>Cessation under this Act</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-C__sec-29__subsec-2">
                <num>2</num>
                <content>
                  <p>A person is eligible to become an Australian citizen again under this Subdivision if:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-C__sec-29__subsec-2__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person ceased to be an Australian citizen under:</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-C__sec-29__subsec-2__para-i">
                  <num>i</num>
                  <content>
                    <p><ref href="#sec-33">section 33</ref> (about renunciation) in order to acquire or retain the nationality or citizenship of a foreign country or to avoid suffering significant hardship or detriment; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-C__sec-29__subsec-2__para-ii">
                  <num>ii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p><ref href="#sec-36">section 36</ref> (about children); and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-C__sec-29__subsec-2__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>if the person is aged 18 or over at the time the person made the application—<role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied that the person is of good character at the time of <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role>’s decision on the application.</p>
                  </content>
                  <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-24" marker="24">
                    <content>
                      <p>Note 1:	See also <ref href="#sec-32">section 32</ref> (which is about persons resuming their former citizenship status).</p>
                    </content>
                  </authorialNote>
                  <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-25" marker="25">
                    <content>
                      <p>Note 2:	A person who ceases to be an Australian citizen under <ref href="#sec-34">section 34</ref> or 34A may apply to become an Australian citizen again under Subdivision A, AA or B.</p>
                    </content>
                  </authorialNote>
                  <content>
                    <p>Cessation under old Act</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-C__sec-29__subsec-3">
                <num>3</num>
                <content>
                  <p>A person is eligible to become an Australian citizen again under this Subdivision if:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-C__sec-29__subsec-3__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person ceased to be an Australian citizen under:</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-C__sec-29__subsec-3__para-i">
                  <num>i</num>
                  <content>
                    <p><ref href="#sec-17">section 17</ref> (about dual citizenship) of the old Act; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-C__sec-29__subsec-3__para-ii">
                  <num>ii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p><ref href="#sec-18">section 18</ref> (about renunciation) of the old Act in order to acquire or retain the nationality or citizenship of a foreign country or to avoid suffering significant hardship or detriment; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-C__sec-29__subsec-3__para-iii">
                  <num>iii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p><ref href="#sec-20">section 20</ref> (about residence outside Australia) of the old Act; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-C__sec-29__subsec-3__para-iv">
                  <num>iv</num>
                  <content>
                    <p><ref href="#sec-23">section 23</ref> (about children) of the old Act; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-C__sec-29__subsec-3__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>if the person is aged 18 or over at the time the person made the application—<role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied that the person is of good character at the time of <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role>’s decision on the application.</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
            </section>
            <section eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-C__sec-30">
              <num>30</num>
              <heading>Minister’s decision</heading>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-C__sec-30__subsec-1">
                <num>1</num>
                <content>
                  <p>If a person makes an application under <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> must, by writing, approve or refuse to approve the person becoming an Australian citizen again.<ref href="#sec-29">section 29</ref>, </p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-C__sec-30__subsec-1A">
                <num>1A</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> must not approve the person becoming an Australian citizen again unless the person is eligible to become an Australian citizen again under subsection 29(2) or (3).</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-C__sec-30__subsec-2">
                <num>2</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may refuse to approve the person becoming an Australian citizen again despite the person being eligible to become an Australian citizen again under subsection 29(2) or (3).</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Identity</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-C__sec-30__subsec-3">
                <num>3</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> must not approve the person becoming an Australian citizen again unless <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied of the identity of the person.</p>
                </content>
                <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-26" marker="26">
                  <content>
                    <p>Note:	<ref href="#dvs-5">Division 5</ref> contains the identity provisions.</p>
                  </content>
                </authorialNote>
                <content>
                  <p>National security</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-C__sec-30__subsec-4">
                <num>4</num>
                <content>
                  <p>	(4)	If the person is not covered by subsection (6), the Minister must not approve the person becoming an Australian citizen again at a time when an adverse security assessment, or a qualified security assessment, in respect of the person is in force under the <i>Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Act 1979</i> that the person is directly or indirectly a risk to security (within the meaning of section 4 of that Act).</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-C__sec-30__subsec-5">
                <num>5</num>
                <content>
                  <p>If the person is covered by subsection (6), <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> must not approve the person becoming an Australian citizen again if the person:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-C__sec-30__subsec-5__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>if subparagraph (6)(b)(i) applies to the person:</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-C__sec-30__subsec-5__para-i">
                  <num>i</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>has been convicted of a national security offence; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-C__sec-30__subsec-5__para-ii">
                  <num>ii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>subject to subsection (7), has been convicted of an offence against an Australian law or a foreign law, for which the person has been sentenced to a period of imprisonment of at least 5 years; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-C__sec-30__subsec-5__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>if subparagraph (6)(b)(ii) applies to the person—has been convicted of a national security offence.</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-C__sec-30__subsec-6">
                <num>6</num>
                <content>
                  <p>A person is covered by this subsection if:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-C__sec-30__subsec-6__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>at the time the person made the application under <ref href="#sec-29">section 29</ref>, the person:</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-C__sec-30__subsec-6__para-i">
                  <num>i</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is not a national of any country; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-C__sec-30__subsec-6__para-ii">
                  <num>ii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is not a citizen of any country; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-C__sec-30__subsec-6__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>either:</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-C__sec-30__subsec-6__para-i">
                  <num>i</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person was born in Australia; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-C__sec-30__subsec-6__para-ii">
                  <num>ii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person was born outside Australia and, at the time of the person’s birth, the person had a parent who was an Australian citizen.</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-C__sec-30__subsec-7">
                <num>7</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may decide that subparagraph (5)(a)(ii) does not apply in relation to a person if, taking into account the circumstances that resulted in the person’s conviction, <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied that it would be unreasonable for that subparagraph to apply in relation to the person.</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
            </section>
            <section eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-C__sec-31">
              <num>31</num>
              <heading>Registration</heading>
              <content>
                <p>If <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> approves the person becoming an Australian citizen again, <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> must register the person in the manner prescribed by the regulations.</p>
              </content>
            </section>
            <section eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-C__sec-32">
              <num>32</num>
              <heading>Day citizenship begins again etc.</heading>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-C__sec-32__subsec-1">
                <num>1</num>
                <content>
                  <p>A person becomes an Australian citizen again on the day on which <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> approves the person becoming an Australian citizen again.</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Same kind of citizenship—former citizen under this Act</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-C__sec-32__subsec-2">
                <num>2</num>
                <content>
                  <p>If the person, before ceasing to be an Australian citizen, was an Australian citizen under Subdivision A, AA or B, the person becomes an Australian citizen again under that Subdivision.</p>
                </content>
                <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-27" marker="27">
                  <content>
                    <p>Note:	One of the effects of this subsection is that <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is able to revoke the person’s citizenship: see section 34.</p>
                  </content>
                </authorialNote>
                <content>
                  <p>Same kind of citizenship—former citizen under old Act</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-2__subdvs-C__sec-32__subsec-3">
                <num>3</num>
                <content>
                  <p>If the person, before ceasing to be an Australian citizen, was an Australian citizen under the provision set out in column 2 of the following table, the person becomes an Australian citizen again under the provision set out in column 3 of the table.</p>
                </content>
                <table>
                  <tr>
                    <th>Same kind of citizenship</th>
                    <th>Same kind of citizenship</th>
                    <th>Same kind of citizenship</th>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Column 1
Item</td>
                    <td>Column 2
Provision under which person was a citizen</td>
                    <td>Column 3
Provision under which person becomes a citizen again</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>1</td>
                    <td>Section 10B, 10C or 11 of the old Act</td>
                    <td>Subdivision A of this Division</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>2</td>
                    <td>Division 2 of Part III of the old Act</td>
                    <td>Subdivision B of this Division</td>
                  </tr>
                </table>
                <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-28" marker="28">
                  <content>
                    <p>Note:	One of the effects of this subsection is that <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is able to revoke the person’s citizenship: see section 34.</p>
                  </content>
                </authorialNote>
              </subsection>
            </section>
          </subDivision>
        </division>
        <division eId="part-2__dvs-3">
          <num>3</num>
          <heading>Cessation of Australian citizenship</heading>
          <content>
            <p>Subdivision A—Simplified outline of this Division</p>
          </content>
          <section eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-32A">
            <num>32A</num>
            <heading>Simplified outline of this Division</heading>
            <content>
              <p>The following is a simplified outline of this Division:</p>
              <p>There are 5 ways in which you can cease to be an Australian citizen:</p>
              <p>•	you may renounce your Australian citizenship: see <ref href="#sec-33">section 33</ref>; or</p>
              <p>•	if you did not automatically become an Australian citizen, <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> can revoke your citizenship in circumstances involving offences or fraud: see section 34; or</p>
              <p>•	if you did not automatically become an Australian citizen and <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> exercised the power under subsection 22A(1A) or 22B(1A), <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> can revoke your citizenship in circumstances involving a failure to comply with special residence requirements: see section 34A; or</p>
              <p>•	if you are the child of a responsible parent who ceases to be an Australian citizen, <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> can revoke your citizenship in some situations: see section 36; or</p>
              <p>•	if you are convicted of certain offences and an order is made by a court that you cease to be an Australian citizen: see Subdivision C (citizenship cessation).</p>
              <p>Subdivision B—Citizenship renunciation and revocation</p>
            </content>
          </section>
          <section eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-33">
            <num>33</num>
            <heading>Renunciation by application</heading>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-33__subsec-1">
              <num>1</num>
              <content>
                <p>A person may make an application to <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> to renounce the person’s Australian citizenship.</p>
              </content>
              <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-29" marker="29">
                <content>
                  <p>Note:	Section 46 sets out application requirements (which may include the payment of a fee).</p>
                </content>
              </authorialNote>
              <content>
                <p>Minister’s decision</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-33__subsec-2">
              <num>2</num>
              <content>
                <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> must, by writing, approve or refuse to approve the person renouncing his or her Australian citizenship.</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-33__subsec-3">
              <num>3</num>
              <content>
                <p>Subject to this section, <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> must approve the person renouncing his or her Australian citizenship if <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied that:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-33__subsec-3__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the person is aged 18 or over, and is a national or citizen of a foreign country, at the time the person made the application; or</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-33__subsec-3__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the person was born, or is ordinarily resident, in a foreign country and is not entitled, under the law of that country, to acquire the nationality or citizenship of that country because the person is an Australian citizen.</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-33__subsec-4">
              <num>4</num>
              <content>
                <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> must not approve the person renouncing his or her Australian citizenship unless <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied of the identity of the person.</p>
              </content>
              <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-30" marker="30">
                <content>
                  <p>Note:	<ref href="#dvs-5">Division 5</ref> contains the identity provisions.</p>
                </content>
              </authorialNote>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-33__subsec-5">
              <num>5</num>
              <content>
                <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may refuse to approve the person renouncing his or her Australian citizenship if the person:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-33__subsec-5__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>is a national or citizen of a foreign country at the time the person made the application; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-33__subsec-5__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>made the application during a war in which Australia is engaged.</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-33__subsec-6">
              <num>6</num>
              <content>
                <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> must not approve the person renouncing his or her Australian citizenship if <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> considers that it would not be in the interests of Australia to do so.</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-33__subsec-7">
              <num>7</num>
              <content>
                <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> must not approve the person renouncing his or her Australian citizenship unless <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied that the person:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-33__subsec-7__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>is a national or citizen of a foreign country immediately before <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role>’s decision on the application; or</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-33__subsec-7__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>will, if <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> approves the application, become a national or citizen of a foreign country immediately after the approval.</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Time citizenship ceases</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-33__subsec-8">
              <num>8</num>
              <content>
                <p>If <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> approves a person renouncing his or her Australian citizenship, the person ceases to be an Australian citizen at the time of the approval.</p>
              </content>
              <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-31" marker="31">
                <content>
                  <p>Note:	A child of the person may also cease to be an Australian citizen: see <ref href="#sec-36">section 36</ref>.</p>
                </content>
              </authorialNote>
            </subsection>
          </section>
          <section eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34">
            <num>34</num>
            <heading>Revocation by Minister—offences or fraud</heading>
            <content>
              <p>Citizenship by descent or for persons adopted in accordance with the Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption or a bilateral arrangement</p>
            </content>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34__subsec-1">
              <num>1</num>
              <content>
                <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may, by writing, revoke a person’s Australian citizenship if:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34__subsec-1__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the person is an Australian citizen under Subdivision A or AA of <ref href="#dvs-2">Division 2</ref> (including because of the operation of <ref href="#sec-32">section 32</ref>); and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34__subsec-1__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>either of the following apply:</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34__subsec-1__para-i">
                <num>i</num>
                <content>
                  <p>	(i)	the person has been convicted of an offence against <i>Criminal Code</i>,<i> </i>in relation to the person’s application to become an Australian citizen;<ref href="#sec-50">section 50</ref> of this Act, or <ref href="#sec-137">section 137</ref>.1 or 137.2 of the </p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34__subsec-1__para-ii">
                <num>ii</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the person obtained <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role>’s approval to become an Australian citizen as a result of third-party fraud within the meaning of subsection (8); and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34__subsec-1__para-c">
                <num>c</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied that it would be contrary to the public interest for the person to remain an Australian citizen.</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Citizenship by conferral</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34__subsec-2">
              <num>2</num>
              <content>
                <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may, by writing, revoke a person’s Australian citizenship if:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34__subsec-2__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the person is an Australian citizen under Subdivision B of <ref href="#dvs-2">Division 2</ref> (including because of the operation of <ref href="#sec-32">section 32</ref>); and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34__subsec-2__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>any of the following apply:</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34__subsec-2__para-i">
                <num>i</num>
                <content>
                  <p>	(i)	the person has been convicted of an offence against <i>Criminal Code</i>, in relation to the person’s application to become an Australian citizen;<ref href="#sec-50">section 50</ref> of this Act, or <ref href="#sec-137">section 137</ref>.1 or 137.2 of the </p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34__subsec-2__para-ii">
                <num>ii</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the person has, at any time after making the application to become an Australian citizen, been convicted of a serious offence within the meaning of subsection (5);</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34__subsec-2__para-iii">
                <num>iii</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the person obtained <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role>’s approval to become an Australian citizen as a result of migration-related fraud within the meaning of subsection (6);</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34__subsec-2__para-iv">
                <num>iv</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the person obtained <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role>’s approval to become an Australian citizen as a result of third-party fraud within the meaning of subsection (8); and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34__subsec-2__para-c">
                <num>c</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied that it would be contrary to the public interest for the person to remain an Australian citizen.</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34__subsec-3">
              <num>3</num>
              <content>
                <p>However, <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> must not decide under subsection (2) to revoke a person’s Australian citizenship if:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34__subsec-3__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> may revoke the person’s Australian citizenship under that subsection only because of the application of subparagraph (2)(b)(ii); and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34__subsec-3__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied that the person would, if <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> were to revoke the person’s Australian citizenship, become a person who is not a national or citizen of any country.</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Time citizenship ceases</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34__subsec-4">
              <num>4</num>
              <content>
                <p>If <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> revokes a person’s Australian citizenship, the person ceases to be an Australian citizen at the time of the revocation.</p>
              </content>
              <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-32" marker="32">
                <content>
                  <p>Note:	A child of the person may also cease to be an Australian citizen: see <ref href="#sec-36">section 36</ref>.</p>
                </content>
              </authorialNote>
              <content>
                <p>Serious offence</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34__subsec-5">
              <num>5</num>
              <content>
                <p>	(5)	For the purposes of this section, a person has been <b><i>convicted of a serious offence</i></b> if:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34__subsec-5__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the person has been convicted of an offence against an Australian law or a foreign law, for which the person has been sentenced to death or to a serious prison sentence; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34__subsec-5__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the person committed the offence at any time before the person became an Australian citizen.</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Migration-related fraud</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34__subsec-6">
              <num>6</num>
              <content>
                <p>	(6)	For the purposes of this section, a person obtained the Minister’s approval to become an Australian citizen as a result of <b><i>migration</i></b><b><i>-</i></b><b><i>related fraud</i></b> if and only if:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34__subsec-6__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>at any time, the person was convicted of an offence against:</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34__subsec-6__para-i">
                <num>i</num>
                <content>
                  <p>	(i)	<i>Same</i><i>-</i><i>Sex Relationships (Equal Treatment in Commonwealth Laws—General Law Reform) Act 2008</i>), of the <i>Migration Act 1958</i>; or<ref href="#sec-234">section 234</ref>, 236 or 243, or former <ref href="#sec-244">section 244</ref> (as in force before its repeal by the </p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34__subsec-6__para-ii">
                <num>ii</num>
                <content>
                  <p>	(ii)	<i>Criminal Code</i>;<ref href="#sec-134">section 134</ref>.1, 134.2, 135.1, 135.2, 135.4 or 136.1 of the </p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>that the person committed at any time before <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> gave the approval; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34__subsec-6__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the act or omission that constituted the offence was connected with the person’s entry into Australia or the grant to the person of a visa or of a permission to enter and remain in Australia.</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34__subsec-7">
              <num>7</num>
              <content>
                <p>Subsection (6) does not apply to a person in respect of an offence if <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied that the act or omission that constituted that offence was not in any way (whether directly or indirectly) material to the person becoming a permanent resident.</p>
              </content>
              <content>
                <p>Third-party fraud</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34__subsec-8">
              <num>8</num>
              <content>
                <p>	(8)	For the purposes of this section, a person (the <b><i>applicant</i></b>) obtained the Minister’s approval to become an Australian citizen as a result of <b><i>third</i></b><b><i>-</i></b><b><i>party fraud</i></b> if and only if:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34__subsec-8__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>	(a)	at any time, another person was convicted of an offence against <i>Criminal Code</i>,<i> </i>that the other person committed at any time before the Minister gave the approval; and<ref href="#sec-50">section 50</ref> of this Act, or <ref href="#sec-134">section 134</ref>.1, 135.2, 135.4, 136.1, 137.1, 137.2, 139.1, 141.1, 142.1, 142.2, 144.1, 145.1, 145.2, 145.4, 145.5 or 149.1 of the </p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34__subsec-8__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the act or omission that constituted the offence was connected with <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> approving the applicant becoming an Australian citizen.</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Charge proved but no conviction</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34__subsec-9">
              <num>9</num>
              <content>
                <p>A reference in this section to a conviction of an offence:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34__subsec-9__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>	(a)	in relation to a law of the Commonwealth—includes a reference to the making of an order under <i>Crimes Act 1914</i> in relation to the offence; and<ref href="#sec-19B">section 19B</ref> of the </p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34__subsec-9__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>in relation to a law of a State or Territory or a foreign country—includes a reference to the making of an order under the corresponding provision of a law of the State or Territory or foreign country in relation to the offence.</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
          </section>
          <section eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34A">
            <num>34A</num>
            <heading>Revocation by Minister—special residence requirements</heading>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34A__subsec-1">
              <num>1</num>
              <content>
                <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may, by writing, revoke a person’s Australian citizenship if:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34A__subsec-1__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the person is an Australian citizen under Subdivision B of <ref href="#dvs-2">Division 2</ref>; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34A__subsec-1__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the person became an Australian citizen in circumstances where <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> exercised the power under subsection 22A(1A) or 22B(1A); and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34A__subsec-1__para-c">
                <num>c</num>
                <content>
                  <p>in a case in which the power was exercised under subsection 22A(1A)—<role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied that the person will not be, or was not, ordinarily resident in Australia throughout the period of 2 years beginning on the day the person became an Australian citizen; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34A__subsec-1__para-d">
                <num>d</num>
                <content>
                  <p>in a case in which the power was exercised under subsection 22B(1A)—<role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied that:</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34A__subsec-1__para-i">
                <num>i</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the person will not be, or was not, ordinarily resident in Australia throughout the period of 2 years beginning on the day the person became an Australian citizen; or</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34A__subsec-1__para-ii">
                <num>ii</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the person will not be, or was not, present in Australia for a total of at least 180 days during that 2-year period.</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34A__subsec-2">
              <num>2</num>
              <content>
                <p>However, <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> must not decide under subsection (1) to revoke a person’s Australian citizenship if <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied that the person would, if <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> were to revoke the person’s Australian citizenship, become a person who is not a national or citizen of any country.</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34A__subsec-3">
              <num>3</num>
              <content>
                <p>The power under subsection (1) may only be exercised by <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> personally.</p>
              </content>
              <content>
                <p>Time citizenship ceases</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-34A__subsec-4">
              <num>4</num>
              <content>
                <p>If <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> revokes a person’s Australian citizenship, the person ceases to be an Australian citizen at the time of the revocation.</p>
              </content>
              <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-33" marker="33">
                <content>
                  <p>Note:	A child of the person may also cease to be an Australian citizen: see <ref href="#sec-36">section 36</ref>.</p>
                </content>
              </authorialNote>
            </subsection>
          </section>
          <section eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36">
            <num>36</num>
            <heading>Children of responsible parents who cease to be citizens</heading>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36__subsec-1">
              <num>1</num>
              <content>
                <p>If:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36__subsec-1__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>	(a)	a person ceases to be an Australian citizen at a particular time (the <b><i>cessation time</i></b>) under section 33, 34 or 34A; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36__subsec-1__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>at the cessation time, the person is a responsible parent of a child aged under 18;</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>then:</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36__subsec-1__para-c">
                <num>c</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> may, by writing, revoke the child’s Australian citizenship; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36__subsec-1__para-d">
                <num>d</num>
                <content>
                  <p>if <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> does so—the child ceases to be an Australian citizen at the time of the revocation.</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Exception—another responsible parent</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36__subsec-2">
              <num>2</num>
              <content>
                <p>If, at the cessation time, another responsible parent of the child is an Australian citizen, subsection (1) does not apply to the child:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36__subsec-2__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>while there is a responsible parent who is an Australian citizen; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36__subsec-2__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>if there ceases to be such a responsible parent because of the death of a responsible parent—at any time after that death.</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Exception—statelessness</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36__subsec-3">
              <num>3</num>
              <content>
                <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> must not revoke a child’s Australian citizenship under subsection (1) if <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied that the child would then become a person who is not a national or citizen of any country.</p>
              </content>
              <content>
                <p>Subdivision C—Citizenship cessation</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
          </section>
          <section eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36A">
            <num>36A</num>
            <heading>Purpose of this Subdivision</heading>
            <content>
              <p>This Subdivision is enacted because the Parliament recognises that Australian citizenship is a common bond, involving reciprocal rights and obligations, and that citizens may, through certain conduct incompatible with the shared values of the Australian community, demonstrate that they have severed that bond and repudiated their allegiance to Australia.</p>
            </content>
          </section>
          <section eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36B">
            <num>36B</num>
            <heading>Cessation of citizenship if citizenship cessation order made by court etc.</heading>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36B__subsec-1">
              <num>1</num>
              <content>
                <p>Subject to this section, if an order is made under subsection 36C(1) in relation to a person, the person ceases to be an Australian citizen at the time the order is made.</p>
              </content>
              <content>
                <p>Order overturned or quashed</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36B__subsec-2">
              <num>2</num>
              <content>
                <p>If a decision of a court overturns or quashes the order made under subsection 36C(1), the person’s citizenship is taken never to have ceased under subsection (1) of this section.</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36B__subsec-3">
              <num>3</num>
              <content>
                <p>The validity of anything done in reliance on the order made under subsection 36C(1) before the order was overturned or quashed is not affected.</p>
              </content>
              <content>
                <p>Appeal decision</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36B__subsec-4">
              <num>4</num>
              <content>
                <p>If:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36B__subsec-4__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>	(a)	a decision (the <b><i>first decision</i></b>) of a court overturning or quashing the order made under subsection 36C(1) in relation to the person is appealed; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36B__subsec-4__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>	(b)	the decision (the <b><i>second decision</i></b>) on appeal overturns or quashes the first decision;</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>the person ceases to be an Australian citizen at the time the second decision is made.</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
          </section>
          <section eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C">
            <num>36C</num>
            <heading>Citizenship cessation order if person is convicted of serious offence</heading>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-1">
              <num>1</num>
              <content>
                <p>If:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-1__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>a person is convicted of one or more serious offences; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-1__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the court has decided to impose on the person, in respect of the conviction or convictions, a period of imprisonment that is at least 3 years or periods of imprisonment that total at least 3 years; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-1__para-c">
                <num>c</num>
                <content>
                  <p>before the court imposes the sentence or sentences on the person in respect of the conviction or convictions, <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> makes an application under subsection 36D(1) for an order to be made under this subsection in relation to the person; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-1__para-d">
                <num>d</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the court is satisfied of the matters specified in subsection (4) of this section;</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>the court may, when imposing such a period or periods of imprisonment on the person in respect of the conviction or convictions, also order at that time as part of the sentence or sentences that the person ceases to be an Australian citizen.</p>
                </content>
                <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-34" marker="34">
                  <content>
                    <p>Note:	Subsections (5) and (6) set out, without limitation, matters the court must have regard to in deciding whether to make an order under this subsection.</p>
                  </content>
                </authorialNote>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-2">
              <num>2</num>
              <content>
                <p>However, the court must not make an order under subsection (1) in relation to the person if the court is satisfied that the person would, if the court were to make the order, become a person who is not a national or citizen of any country.</p>
              </content>
              <content>
                <p>Serious offence</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-3">
              <num>3</num>
              <content>
                <p>	(3)	A <b><i>serious offence</i></b> is an offence against any of the following provisions:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-3__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>	(a)	a provision of Subdivision A of <i>Criminal Code</i> (explosives and lethal devices);<ref href="#dvs-7">Division 7</ref>2 of the </p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-3__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>	(b)	a provision of Subdivision B of <i>Criminal Code</i> (treason);<ref href="#dvs-8">Division 8</ref>0 of the </p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-3__para-c">
                <num>c</num>
                <content>
                  <p>	(c)	<i>Criminal Code</i> (advocating mutiny);<ref href="#sec-83">section 83</ref>.1 of the </p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-3__para-d">
                <num>d</num>
                <content>
                  <p>	(d)	a provision of <i>Criminal Code</i> (espionage);<ref href="#dvs-9">Division 9</ref>1 of the </p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-3__para-e">
                <num>e</num>
                <content>
                  <p>	(e)	a provision of <i>Criminal Code</i> (foreign interference);<ref href="#dvs-9">Division 9</ref>2 of the </p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-3__para-f">
                <num>f</num>
                <content>
                  <p>	(f)	a provision of <i>Criminal Code</i> (terrorism), other than the following provisions:<ref href="#part-5">Part 5</ref>.3 of the </p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-3__para-i">
                <num>i</num>
                <content>
                  <p><ref href="#sec-102">section 102</ref>.8;</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-3__para-ii">
                <num>ii</num>
                <content>
                  <p><ref href="#dvs-104">Division 104</ref>;</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-3__para-iii">
                <num>iii</num>
                <content>
                  <p><ref href="#dvs-105">Division 105</ref>;</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-3__para-iv">
                <num>iv</num>
                <content>
                  <p><ref href="#sec-105A">section 105A</ref>.7D;</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-3__para-v">
                <num>v</num>
                <content>
                  <p><ref href="#sec-105A">section 105A</ref>.18B;</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-3__para-fa">
                <num>fa</num>
                <content>
                  <p>	(fa)	a provision of <i>Criminal Code</i> (state sponsors of terrorism), other than section 112.7;<ref href="#part-5">Part 5</ref>.3A of the </p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-3__para-g">
                <num>g</num>
                <content>
                  <p>	(g)	a provision of <i>Criminal Code</i> (foreign incursions and recruitment).<ref href="#part-5">Part 5</ref>.5 of the </p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Court to be satisfied of certain matters etc.</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-4">
              <num>4</num>
              <content>
                <p>For the purposes of paragraph (1)(d), the matters are the following:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-4__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the person is aged 14 or over;</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-4__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the person is an Australian citizen;</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-4__para-c">
                <num>c</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the person’s conduct to which the conviction or convictions relate is so serious and significant that it demonstrates that the person has repudiated their allegiance to Australia.</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-5">
              <num>5</num>
              <content>
                <p>In deciding whether the court is satisfied of the matter referred to in paragraph (4)(c) in relation to the person’s conduct, the court must have regard to the following matters:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-5__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>whether the conduct to which the conviction or convictions relate demonstrates a repudiation of the values, democratic beliefs, rights and liberties that underpin Australian society;</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-5__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the degree, duration or scale of the person’s commitment to, or involvement in, the conduct to which the conviction or convictions relate;</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-5__para-c">
                <num>c</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the intended scale of the conduct to which the conviction or convictions relate;</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-5__para-d">
                <num>d</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the actual impact of the conduct to which the conviction or convictions relate;</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-5__para-e">
                <num>e</num>
                <content>
                  <p>whether the conduct to which the conviction or convictions relate caused, or was intended to cause, harm to human life or a loss of human life.</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-6">
              <num>6</num>
              <content>
                <p>In deciding whether to make an order under subsection (1) in relation to the person, the court must have regard to the following matters:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-6__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>if the person is a child aged under 18—the best interests of the child;</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-6__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>if the person has any dependent children in Australia—the best interests of those children;</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-6__para-c">
                <num>c</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the person’s connection to the other country of which the person is a national or citizen and the availability of the rights of citizenship of that country to the person.</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-7">
              <num>7</num>
              <content>
                <p>Subsection (6) does not limit the matters to which the court may have regard in deciding whether to make an order under subsection (1) in relation to the person.</p>
              </content>
              <content>
                <p>Concurrent sentences</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-8">
              <num>8</num>
              <content>
                <p>If:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-8__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>a person has been convicted of 2 or more serious offences; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-8__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>a court has decided to impose on the person, in respect of the conviction or convictions, 2 or more periods of imprisonment to be served concurrently (whether in whole or in part);</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>then, for the purposes of subsection (1), the whole of each period is to be counted in working out the total of those periods.</p>
                  <p>References to period of imprisonment</p>
                </content>
                <hcontainer name="example">
                  <content>
                    <p>Example:	A person is convicted of 2 serious offences and a court has decided to impose on the person in respect of the convictions 2 periods of <quantity refersTo="#custodialSentence">2 years imprisonment</quantity> to be served concurrently. For the purposes of subsection (1), the total period of imprisonment is 4 years.</p>
                  </content>
                </hcontainer>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-9">
              <num>9</num>
              <content>
                <p>For the purposes of subsection (1):</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-9__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>a reference to a period of imprisonment in that subsection does not include a period of imprisonment that is suspended; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-9__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>a reference to a period of imprisonment in that subsection includes a reference to a single sentence of imprisonment that a court has decided to impose in respect of both one or more serious offences and one or more other offences.</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Other matters</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-10">
              <num>10</num>
              <content>
                <p>This section applies in relation to a person who is an Australian citizen regardless of how the person became an Australian citizen (including a person who became an Australian citizen upon the person’s birth).</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36C__subsec-11">
              <num>11</num>
              <content>
                <p>	(11)	<i>Crimes Act 1914</i> (which deals with sentencing, imprisonment and release of federal offenders) does not apply in relation to an order under this section.<ref href="#part-I">Part I</ref>B of the </p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
          </section>
          <section eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36D">
            <num>36D</num>
            <heading>Application by the Minister for a citizenship cessation order</heading>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36D__subsec-1">
              <num>1</num>
              <content>
                <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may make an application for an order to be made by a court under subsection 36C(1) in relation to a person.</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36D__subsec-2">
              <num>2</num>
              <content>
                <p>The application may be made before or after the person is convicted of one or more serious offences but must be made before the person is sentenced.</p>
              </content>
              <content>
                <p>Consultation with the Foreign Affairs Minister</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36D__subsec-3">
              <num>3</num>
              <content>
                <p>Before <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> makes the application, <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> must consult the Foreign Affairs Minister.</p>
              </content>
              <content>
                <p>Matters relating to the application</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36D__subsec-4">
              <num>4</num>
              <content>
                <p>The application must include the following matters:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36D__subsec-4__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>information about the person’s age;</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36D__subsec-4__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>information about the person’s Australian citizenship;</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36D__subsec-4__para-c">
                <num>c</num>
                <content>
                  <p>information about the person’s nationality or citizenship of other countries.</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36D__subsec-5">
              <num>5</num>
              <content>
                <p>The application:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36D__subsec-5__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>must be made in the jury’s absence; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36D__subsec-5__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>must not be referred to in the presence of the jury; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36D__subsec-5__para-c">
                <num>c</num>
                <content>
                  <p>must only be heard after the person is convicted of one or more serious offences.</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Notice of application</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36D__subsec-6">
              <num>6</num>
              <content>
                <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> must give the person written notice of the application as soon as practicable after the application is made. <role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may also give written notice of the application to such other persons as <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> considers appropriate.</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36D__subsec-7">
              <num>7</num>
              <content>
                <p>Section 47 (notification of decisions) does not apply to a decision of <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> to make the application.</p>
              </content>
              <content>
                <p>Australian citizens to which this section applies</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36D__subsec-8">
              <num>8</num>
              <content>
                <p>This section applies in relation to a person who is an Australian citizen regardless of how the person became an Australian citizen (including a person who became an Australian citizen upon the person’s birth).</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
          </section>
          <section eId="part-2__dvs-3__sec-36L">
            <num>36L</num>
            <heading>No resumption of citizenship if citizenship ceases under this Subdivision</heading>
            <content>
              <p>If a person ceases to be an Australian citizen under this Subdivision, Divisions 1 and 2 of this Part do not apply in relation to the person after that cessation.</p>
            </content>
            <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-35" marker="35">
              <content>
                <p>Note:	See <ref href="#sec-36B">section 36B</ref> for when a person ceases to be an Australian citizen.</p>
              </content>
            </authorialNote>
          </section>
        </division>
        <division eId="part-2__dvs-4">
          <num>4</num>
          <heading>Evidence of Australian citizenship</heading>
          <section eId="part-2__dvs-4__sec-37">
            <num>37</num>
            <heading>Evidence of Australian citizenship</heading>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-4__sec-37__subsec-1">
              <num>1</num>
              <content>
                <p>A person may make an application to <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> for evidence of the person’s Australian citizenship.</p>
              </content>
              <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-36" marker="36">
                <content>
                  <p>Note:	Section 46 sets out application requirements (which may include the payment of a fee).</p>
                </content>
              </authorialNote>
              <content>
                <p>Notice</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-4__sec-37__subsec-2">
              <num>2</num>
              <content>
                <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may give the person a notice stating that the person is an Australian citizen at a particular time.</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-4__sec-37__subsec-3">
              <num>3</num>
              <content>
                <p>The notice must:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-4__sec-37__subsec-3__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>be in a form prescribed by the regulations; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-4__sec-37__subsec-3__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>contain any other matter prescribed by the regulations.</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Identity</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-4__sec-37__subsec-4">
              <num>4</num>
              <content>
                <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> must not give the person such a notice unless <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> is satisfied of the identity of the person.</p>
              </content>
              <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-37" marker="37">
                <content>
                  <p>Note:	<ref href="#dvs-5">Division 5</ref> contains the identity provisions.</p>
                </content>
              </authorialNote>
              <content>
                <p>Evidentiary status</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-4__sec-37__subsec-5">
              <num>5</num>
              <content>
                <p>A notice is prima facie evidence of the matters in the notice.</p>
              </content>
              <content>
                <p>Cancellation</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-4__sec-37__subsec-6">
              <num>6</num>
              <content>
                <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may, by writing, cancel a notice given to a person under this section.</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
          </section>
          <section eId="part-2__dvs-4__sec-38">
            <num>38</num>
            <heading>Surrender of physical evidentiary notice</heading>
            <content>
              <p>Request for surrender</p>
            </content>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-4__sec-38__subsec-1">
              <num>1</num>
              <content>
                <p>If:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-4__sec-38__subsec-1__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> makes a decision under section 34 or 34A to revoke a person’s Australian citizenship; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-4__sec-38__subsec-1__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>at the time of the revocation, there is in force a notice under <ref href="#sec-37">section 37</ref> in relation to the person; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-4__sec-38__subsec-1__para-c">
                <num>c</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the notice was given to the person in a physical form;</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> may request the person to surrender the notice to <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role>.</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-4__sec-38__subsec-2">
              <num>2</num>
              <content>
                <p>If <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> makes a decision under subsection 37(6) to cancel a notice given to a person under section 37 and the notice was given to the person in a physical form, <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> may request the person to surrender the notice to <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role>.</p>
              </content>
              <content>
                <p>Form of request</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-4__sec-38__subsec-3">
              <num>3</num>
              <content>
                <p>A request given to a person under subsection (1) or (2) must:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-4__sec-38__subsec-3__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>be made in writing; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-4__sec-38__subsec-3__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>specify the day on or before which the person must surrender the notice (which must be a day at least 28 days after the day on which <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> makes the request); and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-4__sec-38__subsec-3__para-c">
                <num>c</num>
                <content>
                  <p>specify how the person is to surrender the notice to <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role>; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-4__sec-38__subsec-3__para-d">
                <num>d</num>
                <content>
                  <p>contain a statement to the effect that a failure to comply with the request is an offence.</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Offence</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-4__sec-38__subsec-4">
              <num>4</num>
              <content>
                <p>A person commits an offence if:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-4__sec-38__subsec-4__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the person is given a request that is in accordance with this section; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-4__sec-38__subsec-4__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the person fails to comply with the request.</p>
                </content>
                <hcontainer name="penalty">
                  <content>
                    <p>Penalty for contravention of this subsection:	<quantity refersTo="#penaltyUnit">10 penalty units</quantity>.</p>
                  </content>
                </hcontainer>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
          </section>
          <section eId="part-2__dvs-4__sec-39">
            <num>39</num>
            <heading>Altering evidentiary notice</heading>
            <content>
              <p>A person commits an offence if:</p>
            </content>
            <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-4__sec-39__para-a">
              <num>a</num>
              <content>
                <p>the person alters, or causes or permits to be altered, a notice; and</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
            <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-4__sec-39__para-b">
              <num>b</num>
              <content>
                <p>the notice was given to a person under <ref href="#sec-37">section 37</ref>.</p>
              </content>
              <hcontainer name="penalty">
                <content>
                  <p>Penalty:	<quantity refersTo="#custodialSentence">Imprisonment for 12 months</quantity>.</p>
                </content>
              </hcontainer>
            </paragraph>
          </section>
        </division>
        <division eId="part-2__dvs-5">
          <num>5</num>
          <heading>Personal identifiers</heading>
          <subDivision eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-A">
            <num>A</num>
            <heading>Obtaining personal identifiers</heading>
            <section eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-A__sec-40">
              <num>40</num>
              <heading>Request for personal identifiers</heading>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-A__sec-40__subsec-1">
                <num>1</num>
                <content>
                  <p>For the purposes of <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> being satisfied of the identity of:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-A__sec-40__subsec-1__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>a person in relation to an application under this Part; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-A__sec-40__subsec-1__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>a person who has sought to sit a test approved in a determination under <ref href="#sec-23A">section 23A</ref>;</p>
                  </content>
                  <content>
                    <p>the following persons may request the person, in writing, to provide one or more specified personal identifiers:</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-A__sec-40__subsec-1__para-c">
                  <num>c</num>
                  <content>
                    <p><role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role>;</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-A__sec-40__subsec-1__para-d">
                  <num>d</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>a person authorised under subsection (3);</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-A__sec-40__subsec-1__para-e">
                  <num>e</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>a person who is included in a class of persons authorised under subsection (4).</p>
                  </content>
                  <content>
                    <p>Form of request</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-A__sec-40__subsec-2">
                <num>2</num>
                <content>
                  <p>A request must inform the person of the matters prescribed by the regulations.</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Authorisations</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-A__sec-40__subsec-3">
                <num>3</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may, by writing, authorise a person for the purposes of paragraph (1)(d).</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-A__sec-40__subsec-4">
                <num>4</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may, by legislative instrument, authorise a class of persons for the purposes of paragraph (1)(e).</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
            </section>
            <section eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-A__sec-41">
              <num>41</num>
              <heading>Provision of personal identifiers</heading>
              <content>
                <p>The regulations may prescribe the procedures and requirements that apply to the provision of a personal identifier by a person under this Division.</p>
              </content>
            </section>
          </subDivision>
          <subDivision eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B">
            <num>B</num>
            <heading>Obligations relating to identifying information</heading>
            <section eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-42">
              <num>42</num>
              <heading>Accessing identifying information</heading>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-42__subsec-1">
                <num>1</num>
                <content>
                  <p>A person commits an offence if:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-42__subsec-1__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person accesses identifying information; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-42__subsec-1__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person is not authorised under this section to access the identifying information for the purpose for which the person accessed it.</p>
                  </content>
                  <hcontainer name="penalty">
                    <content>
                      <p>Penalty:	<quantity refersTo="#custodialSentence">Imprisonment for 2 years</quantity>, or <quantity refersTo="#penaltyUnit">120 penalty units</quantity>, or both.</p>
                    </content>
                  </hcontainer>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-42__subsec-1A">
                <num>1A</num>
                <content>
                  <p>This section does not apply if the person believes on reasonable grounds that the access is necessary to prevent or lessen a serious and imminent threat to the life or health of the person or of any other person.</p>
                </content>
                <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-38" marker="38">
                  <content>
                    <p>Note:	A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in subsection (1A) (see subsection 13.3(3) of the <i>Criminal Code</i>).</p>
                  </content>
                </authorialNote>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-42__subsec-2">
                <num>2</num>
                <content>
                  <p>This section does not apply if the access is through:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-42__subsec-2__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>a disclosure that is a permitted disclosure <ref href="#sec-43">within the meaning of section 43</ref>; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-42__subsec-2__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>a disclosure to which <ref href="#sec-43">section 43</ref> does not apply because of the operation of subsection 43(1A).</p>
                  </content>
                  <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-39" marker="39">
                    <content>
                      <p>Note:	A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in subsection (2) (see subsection 13.3(3) of the <i>Criminal Code</i>).</p>
                    </content>
                  </authorialNote>
                  <content>
                    <p>Authorisation</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-42__subsec-3">
                <num>3</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may, in writing, authorise a specified person, or any person included in a specified class of persons, to access identifying information of the kind specified in the authorisation.</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-42__subsec-4">
                <num>4</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> must specify in an authorisation under subsection (3), as the purpose or purposes for which access is authorised, one or more of the following purposes:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-42__subsec-4__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>either or both of the purposes set out in paragraph 10(2)(c);</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-42__subsec-4__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>disclosing identifying information in accordance with this Division;</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-42__subsec-4__para-c">
                  <num>c</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>administering or managing the storage of identifying information;</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-42__subsec-4__para-d">
                  <num>d</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>making identifying information available to the person to whom it relates;</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-42__subsec-4__para-e">
                  <num>e</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>modifying identifying information to enable it to be matched with other identifying information;</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-42__subsec-4__para-f">
                  <num>f</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>modifying identifying information in order to correct errors or ensure compliance with appropriate standards;</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-42__subsec-4__para-g">
                  <num>g</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>	(g)	the purposes of this Act or the regulations or of the <i>Migration Act 1958 </i>or the regulations made under that Act;</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-42__subsec-4__para-h">
                  <num>h</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>complying with Australian laws.</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
            </section>
            <section eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-43">
              <num>43</num>
              <heading>Disclosing identifying information</heading>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-43__subsec-1">
                <num>1</num>
                <content>
                  <p>A person commits an offence if:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-43__subsec-1__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person’s conduct causes disclosure of identifying information; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-43__subsec-1__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the disclosure is not a permitted disclosure.</p>
                  </content>
                  <hcontainer name="penalty">
                    <content>
                      <p>Penalty:	<quantity refersTo="#custodialSentence">Imprisonment for 2 years</quantity>, or <quantity refersTo="#penaltyUnit">120 penalty units</quantity>, or both.</p>
                    </content>
                  </hcontainer>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-43__subsec-1A">
                <num>1A</num>
                <content>
                  <p>If:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-43__subsec-1A__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>a disclosure of identifying information is made to a person who is not an entrusted person; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-43__subsec-1A__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the disclosure is a permitted disclosure;</p>
                  </content>
                  <content>
                    <p>this section does not apply in relation to any further disclosure of that identifying information by a person who is not an entrusted person.</p>
                  </content>
                  <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-40" marker="40">
                    <content>
                      <p>Note 1:	A defendant, except for an IGIS official, bears an evidential burden in relation to a matter in this subsection (see subsection 13.3(3) of the <i>Criminal Code</i>). For IGIS officials, see section 34C of the <i>Inspector</i><i>-</i><i>General of Intelligence and Security Act 1986</i>.</p>
                    </content>
                  </authorialNote>
                  <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-41" marker="41">
                    <content>
                      <p>Note 2:	Australian Privacy Principle 6<i> </i>may apply to further disclosures of that identifying information by a person who is not an entrusted person.</p>
                    </content>
                  </authorialNote>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-43__subsec-1B">
                <num>1B</num>
                <content>
                  <p>This section does not apply if the person believes on reasonable grounds that the disclosure is necessary to prevent or lessen a serious and imminent threat to the life or health of the person or of any other person.</p>
                </content>
                <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-42" marker="42">
                  <content>
                    <p>Note:	A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in subsection (1B) (see subsection 13.3(3) of the <i>Criminal Code</i>).</p>
                  </content>
                </authorialNote>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-43__subsec-2">
                <num>2</num>
                <content>
                  <p>	(2)	A<b> permitted disclosure </b>is a disclosure that:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-43__subsec-2__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>	(b)	is for the purposes of this Act or the regulations or of the <i>Migration Act 1958 </i>or the regulations made under that Act; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-43__subsec-2__para-c">
                  <num>c</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is for the purpose of administering or managing the storage of identifying information; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-43__subsec-2__para-d">
                  <num>d</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is for the purpose of making the identifying information in question available to the person to whom it relates; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-43__subsec-2__para-da">
                  <num>da</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is to an agency of the Commonwealth, a State or a Territory in order to verify that a person is an Australian citizen; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-43__subsec-2__para-e">
                  <num>e</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>takes place under an arrangement entered into with an agency of the Commonwealth, or with a State or Territory or an agency of a State or Territory, for the exchange of identifying information; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-43__subsec-2__para-ea">
                  <num>ea</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is reasonably necessary for the enforcement of the criminal law of the Commonwealth, a State or a Territory; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-43__subsec-2__para-eb">
                  <num>eb</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is required by an Australian law; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-43__subsec-2__para-f">
                  <num>f</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is for the purpose of a proceeding, before a court or tribunal, relating to the person to whom the identifying information in question relates; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-43__subsec-2__para-g">
                  <num>g</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is for the purpose of an investigation by <role refersTo="#information-commissioner">the Information Commissioner</role> or the Ombudsman relating to action taken by the Department; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-43__subsec-2__para-ga">
                  <num>ga</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>is for the purpose of an IGIS official exercising a power, or performing a function or duty, as an IGIS official; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-43__subsec-2__para-h">
                  <num>h</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>takes place with the written consent of the person to whom the identifying information in question relates.</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
            </section>
            <section eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-44">
              <num>44</num>
              <heading>Unauthorised modification or impairment of identifying information</heading>
              <content>
                <p>Unauthorised modification</p>
              </content>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-44__subsec-1">
                <num>1</num>
                <content>
                  <p>A person commits an offence if:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-44__subsec-1__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person causes any unauthorised modification of identifying information; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-44__subsec-1__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person intends to cause the modification; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-44__subsec-1__para-c">
                  <num>c</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person knows that the modification is unauthorised.</p>
                  </content>
                  <hcontainer name="penalty">
                    <content>
                      <p>Penalty:	<quantity refersTo="#custodialSentence">Imprisonment for 2 years</quantity>, or <quantity refersTo="#penaltyUnit">120 penalty units</quantity>, or both.</p>
                    </content>
                  </hcontainer>
                  <content>
                    <p>Unauthorised impairment</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-44__subsec-2">
                <num>2</num>
                <content>
                  <p>A person commits an offence if:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-44__subsec-2__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person causes any unauthorised impairment of:</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-44__subsec-2__para-i">
                  <num>i</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the reliability of identifying information; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-44__subsec-2__para-ii">
                  <num>ii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the security of the storage of identifying information; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-44__subsec-2__para-iii">
                  <num>iii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the operation of a system by which identifying information is stored; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-44__subsec-2__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person intends to cause the impairment; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-44__subsec-2__para-c">
                  <num>c</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person knows that the impairment is unauthorised.</p>
                  </content>
                  <hcontainer name="penalty">
                    <content>
                      <p>Penalty:	<quantity refersTo="#custodialSentence">Imprisonment for 2 years</quantity>, or <quantity refersTo="#penaltyUnit">120 penalty units</quantity>, or both.</p>
                    </content>
                  </hcontainer>
                  <content>
                    <p>Exception</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-44__subsec-2A">
                <num>2A</num>
                <content>
                  <p>If:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-44__subsec-2A__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>a disclosure of identifying information is made to a person who is not an entrusted person; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-44__subsec-2A__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the disclosure is a permitted disclosure <ref href="#sec-43">within the meaning of section 43</ref>;</p>
                  </content>
                  <content>
                    <p>this section does not apply in relation to any modification or impairment of that identifying information by a person who is not an entrusted person.</p>
                    <p>Interpretation</p>
                  </content>
                  <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-43" marker="43">
                    <content>
                      <p>Note:	A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in subsection (2A) (see subsection 13.3(3) of the <i>Criminal Code</i>).</p>
                    </content>
                  </authorialNote>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-44__subsec-3">
                <num>3</num>
                <content>
                  <p>In this section:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-44__subsec-3__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>modification of identifying information; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-44__subsec-3__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>impairment of the reliability of identifying information; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-44__subsec-3__para-c">
                  <num>c</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>impairment of the security of the storage of identifying information; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-44__subsec-3__para-d">
                  <num>d</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>impairment of the operation of a system by which identifying information is stored;</p>
                  </content>
                  <content>
                    <p>by a person is <b><i>unauthorised</i></b> if the person is not entitled to cause that modification or impairment.</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-44__subsec-4">
                <num>4</num>
                <content>
                  <p>Any such modification or impairment caused by the person is not unauthorised merely because he or she has an ulterior purpose for causing it.</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-44__subsec-5">
                <num>5</num>
                <content>
                  <p>For the purposes of this section, a person causes any such unauthorised modification or impairment if the person’s conduct substantially contributes to it.</p>
                </content>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-44__subsec-6">
                <num>6</num>
                <content>
                  <p>For the purposes of subsection (3), if:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-44__subsec-6__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>a person causes any modification or impairment of a kind mentioned in that subsection; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-44__subsec-6__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person does so under a warrant issued under an Australian law;</p>
                  </content>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person is entitled to cause that modification or impairment.</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
            </section>
            <section eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-45">
              <num>45</num>
              <heading>Destroying identifying information</heading>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-45__subsec-1">
                <num>1</num>
                <content>
                  <p>A person commits an offence if:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-45__subsec-1__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>the person is the responsible person for identifying information; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-45__subsec-1__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>	(b)	the person fails to destroy the identifying information as soon as practicable after the person is no longer required under the <i>Archives Act 1983</i> to keep the identifying information.</p>
                  </content>
                  <hcontainer name="penalty">
                    <content>
                      <p>Penalty:	<quantity refersTo="#custodialSentence">Imprisonment for 2 years</quantity>, or <quantity refersTo="#penaltyUnit">120 penalty units</quantity>, or both.</p>
                    </content>
                  </hcontainer>
                  <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-44" marker="44">
                    <content>
                      <p>Note:	See <i>Archives Act 1983</i> on the obligation to keep the identifying information.<ref href="#sec-24">section 24</ref> of the </p>
                    </content>
                  </authorialNote>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-45__subsec-2">
                <num>2</num>
                <content>
                  <p>This section does not apply if the identifying information is:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-45__subsec-2__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>a personal identifier that is any of the following:</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-45__subsec-2__para-i">
                  <num>i</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>a measurement of a person’s height and weight;</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-45__subsec-2__para-ii">
                  <num>ii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>a photograph or other image of a person’s face;</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-45__subsec-2__para-iii">
                  <num>iii</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>a person’s signature; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-45__subsec-2__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>identifying information derived from or relating to such a personal identifier.</p>
                  </content>
                  <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-45" marker="45">
                    <content>
                      <p>Note:	A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matters in subsection (2) (see subsection 13.3(3) of the <i>Criminal Code</i>).</p>
                    </content>
                  </authorialNote>
                  <content>
                    <p>Definitions</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-45__subsec-3">
                <num>3</num>
                <content>
                  <p><b>	</b>(3)<b>	</b>For the purposes of this section, the <b><i>responsible person</i></b> for identifying information is:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-45__subsec-3__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>if the identifying information is stored on a database—the person who has day-to-day control of the database; or</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-45__subsec-3__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>otherwise—the person who has day-to-day responsibility for the system under which the identifying information is stored.</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-45__subsec-4">
                <num>4</num>
                <content>
                  <p><b>	</b>(4)	For the purposes of this section, identifying information is <b><i>destroyed</i></b> if:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-45__subsec-4__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>in the case of identifying information that is a personal identifier—it is physically destroyed; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-45__subsec-4__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>in any other case—any means of identifying it with the person to whom it relates is destroyed.</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
              <subsection eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-45__subsec-5">
                <num>5</num>
                <content>
                  <p>	(5)	For the purposes of this section, a <b><i>database </i></b>is a discrete body of information stored by electronic means, containing:</p>
                </content>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-45__subsec-5__para-a">
                  <num>a</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>indexes of persons who have provided personal identifiers in accordance with a request under this Division; and</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
                <paragraph eId="part-2__dvs-5__subdvs-B__sec-45__subsec-5__para-b">
                  <num>b</num>
                  <content>
                    <p>their identifying information.</p>
                  </content>
                </paragraph>
              </subsection>
            </section>
          </subDivision>
        </division>
      </part>
      <part eId="part-3">
        <num>3</num>
        <heading>Other matters</heading>
        <division eId="part-3__dvs-1">
          <num>1</num>
          <heading>Bogus documents</heading>
          <section eId="part-3__dvs-1__sec-45A">
            <num>45A</num>
            <heading>Prohibition on, and forfeiture of, bogus documents</heading>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-1__sec-45A__subsec-1">
              <num>1</num>
              <content>
                <p>	(1)	A person (whether a citizen or non-citizen) must not give a bogus document to the Minister, a person acting under a delegation or authorisation of the Minister, a tribunal or any other person or body performing a function or purpose under, or in relation to, this Act (the <b><i>official</i></b>), or cause such a document to be so given.</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-1__sec-45A__subsec-2">
              <num>2</num>
              <content>
                <p>A bogus document given in contravention of subsection (1) is forfeited to the Commonwealth.</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
          </section>
          <section eId="part-3__dvs-1__sec-45B">
            <num>45B</num>
            <heading>Seizure of bogus documents</heading>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-1__sec-45B__subsec-1">
              <num>1</num>
              <content>
                <p>If <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> reasonably suspects that a document is forfeited under subsection 45A(2), then <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> may seize the document.</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-1__sec-45B__subsec-2">
              <num>2</num>
              <content>
                <p>As soon as practicable after seizing the document, <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> must give written notice of the seizure to the person who gave the document to the official under subsection 45A(1).</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-1__sec-45B__subsec-3">
              <num>3</num>
              <content>
                <p>The notice must:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-1__sec-45B__subsec-3__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>identify the document; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-1__sec-45B__subsec-3__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>state that the document has been seized; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-1__sec-45B__subsec-3__para-c">
                <num>c</num>
                <content>
                  <p>specify the reason for the seizure; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-1__sec-45B__subsec-3__para-d">
                <num>d</num>
                <content>
                  <p>state that the document will be condemned as forfeited unless the person institutes proceedings against the Commonwealth before the end of the period specified in the notice:</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-1__sec-45B__subsec-3__para-i">
                <num>i</num>
                <content>
                  <p>to recover the document; or</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-1__sec-45B__subsec-3__para-ii">
                <num>ii</num>
                <content>
                  <p>for a declaration that the document is not forfeited.</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-1__sec-45B__subsec-4">
              <num>4</num>
              <content>
                <p>For the purposes of paragraph (3)(d), the period must:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-1__sec-45B__subsec-4__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>start on the date of the notice; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-1__sec-45B__subsec-4__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>end 90 days after that date.</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
          </section>
          <section eId="part-3__dvs-1__sec-45C">
            <num>45C</num>
            <heading>Document condemned as forfeited</heading>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-1__sec-45C__subsec-1">
              <num>1</num>
              <content>
                <p>If a document is seized under subsection 45B(1), then:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-1__sec-45C__subsec-1__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the person who gave the document to the official under subsection 45A(1); and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-1__sec-45C__subsec-1__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>if that person is not the owner of the document—the owner;</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>may, subject to paragraph (2)(b), institute proceedings in a court of competent jurisdiction:</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-1__sec-45C__subsec-1__para-c">
                <num>c</num>
                <content>
                  <p>to recover the document; or</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-1__sec-45C__subsec-1__para-d">
                <num>d</num>
                <content>
                  <p>for a declaration that the document is not forfeited.</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-1__sec-45C__subsec-2">
              <num>2</num>
              <content>
                <p>The proceedings:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-1__sec-45C__subsec-2__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>may be instituted even if the seizure notice required to be given under subsection 45B(2) in relation to the document has not yet been given; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-1__sec-45C__subsec-2__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>may only be instituted before the end of the period specified in the seizure notice.</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-1__sec-45C__subsec-3">
              <num>3</num>
              <content>
                <p>If, before the end of the period specified in the seizure notice, the person or owner does not institute the proceedings, the document is condemned as forfeited to the Commonwealth immediately after the end of that period.</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-1__sec-45C__subsec-4">
              <num>4</num>
              <content>
                <p>If, before the end of the period specified in the seizure notice, the person or owner does institute the proceedings, the document is condemned as forfeited to the Commonwealth at the end of the proceedings unless there is:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-1__sec-45C__subsec-4__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>an order for the person or owner to recover the document; or</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-1__sec-45C__subsec-4__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>a declaration that the document is not forfeited.</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-1__sec-45C__subsec-5">
              <num>5</num>
              <content>
                <p>For the purposes of subsection (4), if the proceedings go to judgment, they end:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-1__sec-45C__subsec-5__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>if no appeal against the judgment is lodged within the period for lodging such an appeal—at the end of that period; or</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-1__sec-45C__subsec-5__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>if an appeal against the judgment is lodged within that period—when the appeal lapses or is finally determined.</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
          </section>
          <section eId="part-3__dvs-1__sec-45D">
            <num>45D</num>
            <heading>Dealing with a document after it is condemned as forfeited</heading>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-1__sec-45D__subsec-1">
              <num>1</num>
              <content>
                <p>If, under <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role>.<ref href="#sec-45C">section 45C</ref>, a document is condemned as forfeited to the Commonwealth, it must be dealt with or disposed of (including by being given to another person) in accordance with any direction given by </p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-1__sec-45D__subsec-2">
              <num>2</num>
              <content>
                <p>If <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> considers that the document may be relevant to proceedings in a court or tribunal, then <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role>:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-1__sec-45D__subsec-2__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>must give a direction for the safe keeping of the document; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-1__sec-45D__subsec-2__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>must authorise access to the document for the purposes of those proceedings.</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-1__sec-45D__subsec-3">
              <num>3</num>
              <content>
                <p>A direction given under this section is not a legislative instrument.</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
          </section>
        </division>
        <division eId="part-3__dvs-2">
          <num>2</num>
          <heading>Other</heading>
          <section eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-46">
            <num>46</num>
            <heading>Application requirements</heading>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-46__subsec-1">
              <num>1</num>
              <content>
                <p>An application under a provision of this Act must:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-46__subsec-1__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>be on the relevant form approved by <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> for the purposes of that provision; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-46__subsec-1__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>contain the information required by the form; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-46__subsec-1__para-c">
                <num>c</num>
                <content>
                  <p>be accompanied by any other information or documents prescribed by the regulations; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-46__subsec-1__para-d">
                <num>d</num>
                <content>
                  <p>be accompanied by the fee (if any) prescribed by the regulations.</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>(1AA)	However, paragraphs (1)(a) and (b) do not apply to an application made under <ref href="#sec-37">section 37</ref> (evidence of Australian citizenship) if the application:</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-46__subsec-1__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>is made in a manner prescribed by the regulations; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-46__subsec-1__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>contains the information prescribed by the regulations.</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-46__subsec-1A">
              <num>1A</num>
              <content>
                <p>For applications made under <ref href="#sec-21">section 21</ref> by persons who, in order to be eligible to become an Australian citizen under subsection 21(2), must have sat a test approved in a determination under <ref href="#sec-23A">section 23A</ref>, the fee prescribed by the regulations may include a component that relates to the sitting of that test.</p>
              </content>
              <content>
                <p>Approval of forms</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-46__subsec-2">
              <num>2</num>
              <content>
                <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may, by writing, approve one or more forms for the purposes of a provision of this Act under which an application may be made.</p>
              </content>
              <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-46" marker="46">
                <content>
                  <p>Note:	For example, there are 2 ways to become an Australian citizen by descent under <role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may approve 1 form for the purposes of that section or may approve 2 different forms.<ref href="#sec-16">section 16</ref>. </p>
                </content>
              </authorialNote>
              <content>
                <p>Children aged under 16</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-46__subsec-2A">
              <num>2A</num>
              <content>
                <p>An application under a provision of this Act by a child aged under 16 must be set out:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-46__subsec-2A__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>on a form that contains no other application; or</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-46__subsec-2A__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>on a form that also contains an application by 1 responsible parent of the child.</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-46__subsec-2B">
              <num>2B</num>
              <content>
                <p>However, subsection (2A) does not apply to an application made under <ref href="#sec-37">section 37</ref> (evidence of Australian citizenship) if the application:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-46__subsec-2B__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>is made in a manner prescribed under paragraph (1AA)(a) of this section; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-46__subsec-2B__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>contains the information prescribed under paragraph (1AA)(b) of this section.</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Remission, refund or waiver of fees</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-46__subsec-3">
              <num>3</num>
              <content>
                <p>The regulations may make provision for and in relation to the remission, refund or waiver of any fees of a kind referred to in paragraph (1)(d).</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
          </section>
          <section eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-47">
            <num>47</num>
            <heading>Notification of decisions</heading>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-47__subsec-1">
              <num>1</num>
              <content>
                <p>If <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> makes a decision under this Act in relation to a person, <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> must give the person notice of the decision.</p>
              </content>
              <content>
                <p>Child</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-47__subsec-2">
              <num>2</num>
              <content>
                <p>If the person is a child, <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> satisfies the requirement in subsection (1) if <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> gives a parent of the child notice of the decision.</p>
              </content>
              <content>
                <p>Reasons for adverse decision</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-47__subsec-3">
              <num>3</num>
              <content>
                <p>If the decision is an adverse decision, the notice must include the reasons for the decision.</p>
              </content>
              <content>
                <p>Form of notice</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-47__subsec-4">
              <num>4</num>
              <content>
                <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> must give the notice in the manner prescribed by the regulations (which includes electronic form).</p>
              </content>
              <content>
                <p>Procedural defect does not affect validity of decision</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-47__subsec-5">
              <num>5</num>
              <content>
                <p>A failure to comply with subsection (3) or (4) does not affect the validity of the decision.</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
          </section>
          <section eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-48">
            <num>48</num>
            <heading>Computerised decision-making</heading>
            <content>
              <p>Computer-based decisions</p>
            </content>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-48__subsec-1">
              <num>1</num>
              <content>
                <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may, by writing, arrange for the use, under <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role>’s control, of computer programs for any purposes for which <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> may, or must, under this Act or the regulations:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-48__subsec-1__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>make a decision; or</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-48__subsec-1__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>exercise any power or comply with any obligation; or</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-48__subsec-1__para-c">
                <num>c</num>
                <content>
                  <p>do anything else related to making a decision or exercising a power or complying with an obligation.</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-48__subsec-2">
              <num>2</num>
              <content>
                <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> is taken to have:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-48__subsec-2__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>made a decision; or</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-48__subsec-2__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>exercised a power or complied with an obligation; or</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-48__subsec-2__para-c">
                <num>c</num>
                <content>
                  <p>done something else related to the making of a decision or the exercise of a power or the compliance with an obligation;</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>that was made, exercised, complied with or done by the operation of a computer program under such an arrangement.</p>
                  <p>Minister may substitute his or her own decision</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-48__subsec-3">
              <num>3</num>
              <content>
                <p>	(3)	The Minister may substitute a decision (the <b><i>substituted decision</i></b>) for a decision (the <b><i>initial decision</i></b>) made by the operation of a computer program under such an arrangement if:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-48__subsec-3__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>a notice under <ref href="#sec-49">section 49</ref> relates to the computer program and to the initial decision; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-48__subsec-3__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the notice states that the computer program was not functioning correctly; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-48__subsec-3__para-c">
                <num>c</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the substituted decision could have been made under the same provision of this Act or the regulations as the initial decision; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-48__subsec-3__para-d">
                <num>d</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the substituted decision is more favourable to the applicant.</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-48__subsec-4">
              <num>4</num>
              <content>
                <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> does not have a duty to consider whether to exercise the power under subsection (3) in respect of any decision, whether he or she is requested to do so by the applicant or by any other person, or in any other circumstances.</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-48__subsec-5">
              <num>5</num>
              <content>
                <p>Subsection (3) has effect despite any law of the Commonwealth, or any rule of common law, to the contrary effect.</p>
              </content>
              <content>
                <p>Exceptions</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-48__subsec-5A">
              <num>5A</num>
              <content>
                <p>This section does not apply in relation to anything done under Subdivision C of <ref href="#dvs-3">Division 3</ref> of <ref href="#part-2">Part 2</ref> (citizenship cessation).</p>
              </content>
              <content>
                <p>Arrangement not a legislative instrument</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-48__subsec-6">
              <num>6</num>
              <content>
                <p>An arrangement under subsection (1) is not a legislative instrument.</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
          </section>
          <section eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-49">
            <num>49</num>
            <heading>Evidence of whether computer program is functioning correctly</heading>
            <content>
              <p>Issue of notices</p>
            </content>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-49__subsec-1">
              <num>1</num>
              <content>
                <p>In citizenship proceedings, a notice signed by an authorised person stating whether or not a specified computer program was functioning correctly:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-49__subsec-1__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>at a specified time or during a specified period; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-49__subsec-1__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>in relation to specified outcomes from the operation of that program under an arrangement made under subsection 48(1);</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>is prima facie evidence of the matters stated in the notice.</p>
                  <p>Ministerial authorisations</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-49__subsec-2">
              <num>2</num>
              <content>
                <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may, by writing, authorise a person to issue notices under this section.</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-49__subsec-3">
              <num>3</num>
              <content>
                <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may, by legislative instrument, authorise a class of persons to issue notices under this section.</p>
              </content>
              <content>
                <p>Definitions</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-49__subsec-4">
              <num>4</num>
              <content>
                <p>In this section:</p>
              </content>
              <content>
                <p><b><i>authorised person</i></b> means:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-49__subsec-4__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>an APS employee in the Department; or</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-49__subsec-4__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>a person authorised under subsection (2) to issue notices under this section; or</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-49__subsec-4__para-c">
                <num>c</num>
                <content>
                  <p>any person who is included in a class of persons authorised under subsection (3) to issue notices under this section.</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p><b><i>citizenship proceedings</i></b> means:</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-49__subsec-4__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>proceedings in a court (including criminal proceedings) that relate to this Act (including an offence against this Act); or</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-49__subsec-4__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>proceedings that relate to an application for review under <ref href="#sec-52">section 52</ref>.</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p><b><i>functioning correctly</i></b>: a computer program is <b><i>functioning correctly</i></b> if:</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-49__subsec-4__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>outcomes from its operation comply with this Act and the regulations; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-49__subsec-4__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>those outcomes would be valid if they were made by <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> otherwise than by the operation of the computer program.</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
          </section>
          <section eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-50">
            <num>50</num>
            <heading>False statements or representations</heading>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-50__subsec-1">
              <num>1</num>
              <content>
                <p>A person commits an offence if:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-50__subsec-1__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the person makes, or causes or permits to be made, a representation or statement; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-50__subsec-1__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the person does so knowing that the representation or statement is false or misleading in a material particular; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-50__subsec-1__para-c">
                <num>c</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the person does so for a purpose of or in relation to this Act.</p>
                </content>
                <hcontainer name="penalty">
                  <content>
                    <p>Penalty:	<quantity refersTo="#custodialSentence">Imprisonment for 12 months</quantity>.</p>
                  </content>
                </hcontainer>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-50__subsec-2">
              <num>2</num>
              <content>
                <p>A person commits an offence if:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-50__subsec-2__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the person conceals, or causes or permits to be concealed, a material circumstance; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-50__subsec-2__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the person does so for a purpose of or in relation to this Act.</p>
                </content>
                <hcontainer name="penalty">
                  <content>
                    <p>Penalty:	<quantity refersTo="#custodialSentence">Imprisonment for 12 months</quantity>.</p>
                  </content>
                </hcontainer>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
          </section>
          <section eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-51">
            <num>51</num>
            <heading>Geographical jurisdiction for offences</heading>
            <content>
              <p>		Section 15.4 of the <i>Criminal Code</i> (extended geographical jurisdiction—category D) applies to all offences against this Act.</p>
            </content>
          </section>
          <section eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-51A">
            <num>51A</num>
            <heading>Things seized under Crimes Act search warrant and information about such things</heading>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-51A__subsec-1">
              <num>1</num>
              <content>
                <p>This section applies to the following:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-51A__subsec-1__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>	(a)	a thing seized (<b><i>warrant material</i></b>) under a search warrant issued under Division 2 of Part 1AA of the <i>Crimes Act 1914</i>;</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-51A__subsec-1__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>	(b)	information (<b><i>warrant information</i></b>) that is about, or obtained from, warrant material.</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-51A__subsec-2">
              <num>2</num>
              <content>
                <p>	(2)	A constable or Commonwealth officer who, under subsection 3ZQU(1) of the <i>Crimes Act 1914</i>, may use or make available warrant material, is authorised to make available warrant material or warrant information:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-51A__subsec-2__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>to a person covered by subsection (4); and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-51A__subsec-2__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>for a purpose mentioned in subsection (3).</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-51A__subsec-3">
              <num>3</num>
              <content>
                <p>A person covered by subsection (4) is authorised to receive and use warrant material and warrant information, or make it available to another person covered by subsection (4), for the following purposes:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-51A__subsec-3__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>making a decision, or assisting in making a decision, to approve or refuse to approve a person becoming an Australian citizen;</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-51A__subsec-3__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>making a decision, or assisting in making a decision, to revoke a person’s Australian citizenship;</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-51A__subsec-3__para-c">
                <num>c</num>
                <content>
                  <p>making a decision, or assisting in making a decision, to cancel an approval given to a person under <ref href="#sec-24">section 24</ref>.</p>
                </content>
                <authorialNote placement="end" eId="note-47" marker="47">
                  <content>
                    <p>Note:	Subsection 3ZQU(4) of the <i>Crimes Act 1914</i> contemplates that another law of the Commonwealth may require or authorise the use or making available of a document or other thing to persons, or for purposes, in addition to those listed in subsection 3ZQU(1) of that Act.</p>
                  </content>
                </authorialNote>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-51A__subsec-4">
              <num>4</num>
              <content>
                <p>The following persons are covered by this subsection:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-51A__subsec-4__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role>;</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-51A__subsec-4__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#secretary">the Secretary</role>;</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-51A__subsec-4__para-c">
                <num>c</num>
                <content>
                  <p>an APS employee in the Department whose duties include making decisions, or assisting in making decisions, in relation to Australian citizenship.</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
          </section>
          <section eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-51B">
            <num>51B</num>
            <heading>Reports to Parliament</heading>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-51B__subsec-1">
              <num>1</num>
              <content>
                <p>As soon as practicable after a reporting period ends, <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> must table a report in each House of the Parliament that sets out the number of applications made under section 36D to which both of the following apply:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-51B__subsec-1__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the applications were made during the reporting period to which the report relates or during an earlier reporting period;</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-51B__subsec-1__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the applications relate to persons who, during the reporting period to which the report relates, were convicted and sentenced for one or more serious offences.</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-51B__subsec-2">
              <num>2</num>
              <content>
                <p>The report must not contain information, or content of a document, if:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-51B__subsec-2__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>	(a)	the information or content includes any operationally sensitive information (within the meaning of the <i>Independent National Security Legislation Monitor Act 2010</i>); or</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-51B__subsec-2__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the disclosure of the information or content would or might prejudice:</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-51B__subsec-2__para-i">
                <num>i</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the security, defence or international relations of Australia; or</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-51B__subsec-2__para-ii">
                <num>ii</num>
                <content>
                  <p>	(ii)	the performance by a law enforcement or security agency (within the meaning of the <i>Independent National Security Legislation Monitor Act 2010</i>) of its functions; or</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-51B__subsec-2__para-c">
                <num>c</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the disclosure of the information or content would or might endanger a person’s safety; or</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-51B__subsec-2__para-d">
                <num>d</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the disclosure of the information or content would be likely to be contrary to the public interest for any other reason.</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-51B__subsec-3">
              <num>3</num>
              <content>
                <p>In this section:</p>
              </content>
              <content>
                <p><b><i>reporting period</i></b> means:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-51B__subsec-3__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>	(a)	the period of 12 months beginning on the day the <i>Australian Citizenship Amendment (Citizenship Repudiation) Act 2023</i> commences; or</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-51B__subsec-3__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>each subsequent 12-month period.</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
          </section>
          <section eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-52">
            <num>52</num>
            <heading>Review of decisions</heading>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-52__subsec-1">
              <num>1</num>
              <content>
                <p>An application may be made to the Administrative Review Tribunal for review of the following decisions:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-52__subsec-1__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>a decision under <ref href="#sec-17">section 17</ref> to refuse to approve a person becoming an Australian citizen;</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-52__subsec-1__para-aa">
                <num>aa</num>
                <content>
                  <p>a decision under <ref href="#sec-19D">section 19D</ref> to refuse to approve a person becoming an Australian citizen;</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-52__subsec-1__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>a decision under <ref href="#sec-24">section 24</ref> to refuse to approve a person becoming an Australian citizen;</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-52__subsec-1__para-c">
                <num>c</num>
                <content>
                  <p>a decision under <ref href="#sec-25">section 25</ref> to cancel an approval given to a person under <ref href="#sec-24">section 24</ref>;</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-52__subsec-1__para-d">
                <num>d</num>
                <content>
                  <p>a decision under <ref href="#sec-30">section 30</ref> to refuse to approve a person becoming an Australian citizen again;</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-52__subsec-1__para-e">
                <num>e</num>
                <content>
                  <p>a decision under <ref href="#sec-33">section 33</ref> to refuse to approve a person renouncing his or her Australian citizenship, except a refusal because of the operation of subsection 33(5) (about war);</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-52__subsec-1__para-f">
                <num>f</num>
                <content>
                  <p>a decision under <ref href="#sec-34">section 34</ref> or subsection 36(1) to revoke a person’s Australian citizenship;</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-52__subsec-1__para-g">
                <num>g</num>
                <content>
                  <p>a decision under <ref href="#sec-37">section 37</ref> to refuse to give a person a notice stating that the person is an Australian citizen at a particular time.</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>Citizenship by conferral decision</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-52__subsec-2">
              <num>2</num>
              <content>
                <p>However, if:</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-52__subsec-2__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role> makes a decision under section 24 to refuse to approve a person becoming an Australian citizen; and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-52__subsec-2__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p><role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role>’s reasons for the decision did not refer to the eligibility ground in subsection 21(8) (about statelessness); and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-52__subsec-2__para-c">
                <num>c</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the person was aged 18 or over at the time the person made the application to become an Australian citizen;</p>
                </content>
                <content>
                  <p>a person (the <b><i>applicant</i></b>) cannot apply for review of that decision unless the applicant is a permanent resident.</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-52__subsec-3">
              <num>3</num>
              <content>
                <p>For the purposes of the Administrative Review Tribunal reviewing a decision of a kind referred to in paragraph (1)(b):</p>
              </content>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-52__subsec-3__para-a">
                <num>a</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the Tribunal must not exercise the power under subsection 22A(1A) or 22B(1A); and</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
              <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-52__subsec-3__para-b">
                <num>b</num>
                <content>
                  <p>the Tribunal must not review any exercise of the power or any failure to exercise the power.</p>
                </content>
              </paragraph>
            </subsection>
          </section>
          <section eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-53">
            <num>53</num>
            <heading>Delegation</heading>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-53__subsec-1">
              <num>1</num>
              <content>
                <p><role refersTo="#minister">The Minister</role> may, by writing, delegate to any person all or any of <role refersTo="#minister">the Minister</role>’s functions or powers under this Act or the regulations.</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
            <subsection eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-53__subsec-2">
              <num>2</num>
              <content>
                <p>However, subsection (1) does not apply in relation to the function under subsection 23A(1) (about approval of citizenship test) or the power under <ref href="#sec-36D">section 36D</ref> (about application for citizenship cessation order).</p>
              </content>
            </subsection>
          </section>
          <section eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-54">
            <num>54</num>
            <heading>Regulations</heading>
            <content>
              <p>The Governor-General may make regulations prescribing matters:</p>
            </content>
            <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-54__para-a">
              <num>a</num>
              <content>
                <p>required or permitted by this Act to be prescribed; or</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
            <paragraph eId="part-3__dvs-2__sec-54__para-b">
              <num>b</num>
              <content>
                <p>necessary or convenient to be prescribed for carrying out or giving effect to this Act.</p>
              </content>
            </paragraph>
          </section>
        </division>
      </part>
    </body>
    <attachments>
      <attachment>
        <hcontainer name="schedule" eId="schedule-1">
          <heading>Pledge of commitment as a citizen of the Commonwealth of Australia</heading>
          <content>
            <p>Note:	See <ref href="#sec-27">section 27</ref>.</p>
          </content>
          <hcontainer name="clause" eId="schedule-1__clause-1">
            <num>1</num>
            <heading>Form of pledge no. 1</heading>
            <content>
              <p>From this time forward, under God,</p>
              <p>I pledge my loyalty to Australia and its people,</p>
              <p>whose democratic beliefs I share,</p>
              <p>whose rights and liberties I respect, and</p>
              <p>whose laws I will uphold and obey.</p>
            </content>
          </hcontainer>
          <hcontainer name="clause" eId="schedule-1__clause-2">
            <num>2</num>
            <heading>Form of pledge no. 2</heading>
            <content>
              <p>From this time forward,</p>
              <p>I pledge my loyalty to Australia and its people,</p>
              <p>whose democratic beliefs I share,</p>
              <p>whose rights and liberties I respect, and</p>
              <p>whose laws I will uphold and obey.</p>
              <p>Endnotes</p>
              <p>Endnote 1—About the endnotes</p>
              <p>The endnotes provide information about this compilation and the compiled law.</p>
              <p>The following endnotes are included in every compilation:</p>
              <p>Endnote 1—About the endnotes</p>
              <p>Endnote 2—Abbreviation key</p>
              <p>Endnote 3—Legislation history</p>
              <p>Endnote 4—Amendment history</p>
              <p>
                <b>Abbreviation key—Endnote 2</b>
              </p>
              <p>The abbreviation key sets out abbreviations that may be used in the endnotes.</p>
              <p>
                <b>Legislation history and amendment history—Endnotes 3 and 4</b>
              </p>
              <p>Amending laws are annotated in the legislation history and amendment history.</p>
              <p>The legislation history in endnote 3 provides information about each law that has amended (or will amend) the compiled law. The information includes commencement details for amending laws and details of any application, saving or transitional provisions that are not included in this compilation.</p>
              <p>The amendment history in endnote 4 provides information about amendments at the provision (generally section or equivalent) level. It also includes information about any provision of the compiled law that has been repealed in accordance with a provision of the law.</p>
              <p>
                <b>Editorial changes</b>
              </p>
              <p>The <i>Legislation Act 2003</i> authorises First Parliamentary Counsel to make editorial and presentational changes to a compiled law in preparing a compilation of the law for registration. The changes must not change the effect of the law. Editorial changes take effect from the compilation registration date.</p>
              <p>If the compilation includes editorial changes, the endnotes include a brief outline of the changes in general terms. Full details of any changes can be obtained from the Office of Parliamentary Counsel.</p>
              <p>
                <b>Misdescribed amendments</b>
              </p>
              <p>A misdescribed amendment is an amendment that does not accurately describe how an amendment is to be made. If, despite the misdescription, the amendment can be given effect as intended, then the misdescribed amendment can be incorporated through an editorial change made under <i>Legislation Act 2003</i>.<ref href="#sec-15V">section 15V</ref> of the </p>
              <p>If a misdescribed amendment cannot be given effect as intended, the amendment is not incorporated and “(md not incorp)” is added to the amendment history.</p>
              <p>Endnote 2—Abbreviation key</p>
              <p>Endnote 3—Legislation history</p>
              <p>Endnote 4—Amendment history</p>
            </content>
          </hcontainer>
        </hcontainer>
      </attachment>
    </attachments>
  </act>
</akomaNtoso>
